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Arsenic in Tissues and Prey Species of the Scalloped Hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini) from the SE Gulf of California

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Abstract

The bioaccumulation of arsenic (As) in the muscle, liver, kidneys, and brain of the shark Sphyrna lewini was measured in 40 juvenile specimens from southeast Gulf of California. Additionally, the biomagnification factor was calculated through prey items from stomach contents of the analyzed specimens. The concentrations of As (mg kg−1, wet weight) were higher in the muscle (10.1 ± 0.3) and liver (9.4 ± 0.5) than in the brain (4.5 ± 0.3) and kidneys (4.2 ± 0.2), which may be attributed to the biological functions of each tissue. Positive correlations were found between the levels of As in muscle and liver with the biological parameters of S. lewini. Hammerhead sharks feed mainly of teleost fishes with low As values (Clupeidae fishes, 1.1 ± 0.5; Sciaenidae fishes, 1.0 ± 0.6; Scomber japonicus, 1.2 ± 0.6; and Etropus crossotus 2.1 ± 0.4) compared with the predator, indicating biomagnification. Inorganic arsenic (Asi) in muscle was estimated as 3% of the total As, although muscle consumption is unlikely to represent a risk (HQ < 1) in humans. Moreover, the probabilities of developing cancer were estimated as low (3.99 × 10–5 to 3.32 × 10–6). To avoid health risks related to As, a weekly ration must not exceed 69.3 and 484.8 g in children and adults, respectively.

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The dataset generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported partially by the Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica and the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (DGAPA-PAPIIT-UNAM) Project IN200619 “Metales y metaloides en ríos y presas de cuencas mineras de Sinaloa: identificando contaminación y riesgos para la salud” and DGIP-UAS (Dirección General de Investigación y Posgrado-Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa). Special thanks are extended to H. Bojórquez-Leyva for the assistance in the analytical work.

Funding

The funding source for this work came from UNAM (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México) through their grant “Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica” (PAPIIT) IN208213 titled “Metales y metaloides en ríos y presas de cuencas mineras de Sinaloa: identificando contaminación y riesgos para la salud” and DGIP-UAS (Dirección General de Investigación y Posgrado-Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Posgrado en Ciencias de Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, P.O. Box 811, C.P. 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico

    Magdalena E. Bergés-Tiznado

  2. Unidad Académica de Ingeniería en Tecnología Ambiental, Universidad Politécnica de Sinaloa, Carretera Municipal Libre Mazatlán-Higueras km. 3, C.P. 82199, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico

    Magdalena E. Bergés-Tiznado

  3. Instituto de Agroquímica Y Tecnología de Alimentos, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain

    Dinoraz Vélez & Vicenta Devesa

  4. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen S/N Col. Centro, C.P. 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico

    J. Fernando Márquez-Farías

  5. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, P.O. Box 811, C.P. 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico

    Federico Páez-Osuna

  6. El Colegio de Sinaloa, Antonio Rosales 435 Pte. Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico

    Federico Páez-Osuna

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  1. Magdalena E. Bergés-Tiznado
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  2. Dinoraz Vélez
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  3. Vicenta Devesa
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  4. J. Fernando Márquez-Farías
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  5. Federico Páez-Osuna
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the conception and design of the study. The conceptualization, funding acquisition, resources material, and review and editing of the manuscript was performed by FP-O. MEB-T wrote the original draft and was in charge of the investigation, methodology, validation and formal analysis. JFM-F, DV, and VD performed formal analysis, and reviewed and edited the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Magdalena E. Bergés-Tiznado.

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Bergés-Tiznado, M.E., Vélez, D., Devesa, V. et al. Arsenic in Tissues and Prey Species of the Scalloped Hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini) from the SE Gulf of California. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 80, 624–633 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-021-00830-6

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