Abstract
Objective evaluation of the relationships among different types of droughts remains a challenging task due to the combined impacts of climate change and land surface modification caused by human activities. Based on the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Runoff Index (SRI) at the 3- and 6-month timescales, this study presents a systematic analysis of the relationships between the severity (S) and duration (D) of meteorological (MD) and hydrological droughts (HD) in the three catchments of the upper Huai River Basin in China. The relation between SPI and SRI is explored by the maximal information coefficient and the mutual entropy. The spatial propagation mechanism of MD is identified by the centroid trajectory, and the response of HD to MD is quantified by the model averaging method. The results indicate a drying (wetting) trend in the upstream (downstream) area, while the centroid trajectory of MD is found in the midstream area, but not associated with the large (or small) S and D simultaneously. There is a strong correlation (determination coefficient > 0.55) between SPI and SRI in all three subareas, particularly at the 6-month timescale. The increasing influences of human activities (e.g., regulation of water conservancy facilities) from upstream to downstream lead to a weaker correlation between SPI and SRI as well as a decreasing threshold of D for MD to trigger HD in downstream. By contrast, the drier climatic conditions are the main reason for the increasing threshold of S for MD to trigger HD from upstream to downstream.
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Data availability
We used the high spatial-resolution (0.25° × 0.25°) hydrometeorological data from a long-term (1960–2008) land surface dataset produced by Zhang et al. (2014). In this dataset, the daily precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature, and wind speed are taken from 756 meteorological stations of the Chinese Meteorological Administration (http://hydro.igsnrr.ac.cn/public/vic_forcings_4vars.html). The daily river discharge data of XX, WJB, and WJD hydrological stations are provided by the Hydrological Bureau of the Ministry of water resources of China with the data periods of 1980–2003, 1980–2008, and 1980–2008, respectively. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51909106, 51879108), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Grant Nos. 2020A1515011038, 2018A030310653), the high-level talent project for the “Pearl River Talent Plan” of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 2017GC010397), and the Youth Innovative Talents Project for Guangdong Colleges and Universities (Grant No. 2017KQNCX010). Chuan-An Xia was supported by the International Young Researcher Development Project of Guangdong Province, China.
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Jiayun Li: Methodology, coding, writing original draft. Chuanhao Wu: Conceptualization, methodology, funding acquisition, project administration, writing - review and editing. Chuan-An Xia: Conceptualization, methodology, writing - review and editing. Pat J.-F. Yeh: Methodology, supervision, review, and editing. Bill X. Hu: Supervision, review & editing. Guoru Huang: Supervision, review, and editing.
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Li, J., Wu, C., Xia, CA. et al. Assessing the responses of hydrological drought to meteorological drought in the Huai River Basin, China. Theor Appl Climatol 144, 1043–1057 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03567-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03567-3