Abstract
Determining the utility of auditory hallucinations (including imaginary friends) in developing logic is sorely under-investigated (Fernyhough, Charles. 2016. The voices within: The history and science of how we talk to ourselves. New York: Basic Books). The present account demonstrates how Peirce’s double consciousness fueled by his endoporeutic principle, provides insight into how abduction directs adopting arguments from one source while dismissing others. Peirce’s categories provide hints as to which voices become admitted to logical scrutiny, and which are validated – consequent to irritations imposed by surprise/conflict. Effort/resistance (4.536) clearly illustrates how Secondness legitimizes emerging perspectives, facilitating examination of peripheral voices, which can be competitive (MS 9) or collaborative (4.551). Peirce’s Energetic and Emotional Interpretants (MS 318) impel or inhibit new habits (attention to one stimulus over another). Consciously inhibiting forces hastens self-control (Thirdness) integrating voices on the fringes of conventionality into one’s own (MS 318). Ultimately, incorporating alterity via imagined arguments satisfies Peirce’s endoporeutic maxim because reflecting upon the legitimacy of alien perspectives transforms habits from the outside in.
About the author
Donna E. West (b. 1955) is Full Professor of Linguistics at State University of New York at Cortland. Her research interests include semiotics, Peirce’s double consciousness, Vygotskii’s double stimulation/inner speech, and narrative development. Her publications include Deictic imaginings (2013), Consensus on Peirce’s concept of habit (2016), and “Perfectivity in Peirce’s energetic interpretant” (2020).
References
Alderson-Day, Ben, Simon McCarthy-Jones, Sarah Bedford, Hannah Collins, Holly Dunne, Chloe Rooke & Charles Fernyhough. 2014. Shot through with voices: Dissociation mediates the relationship between varieties of inner speech and auditory hallucination proneness. Consciousness and Cognition 27. 288–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2014.05.010.Search in Google Scholar
Alderson-Day, Ben & Charles Fernyhough. 2015. Inner speech: Development, cognitive functions, phenomenology, and neurobiology. Psychological Bulletin 141(5). 931–965. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000021.Search in Google Scholar
Aleman, Andre & Ans Vercammen. 2013. The “bottom up” and “top down” components of the hallucinatory phenomenon. In Renaud, Jardri, Arnaud, Cachia, Pierre Thomas & Delphine Pins (eds.), The neuroscience of hallucinations, 107–131. New York: Springer.10.1007/978-1-4614-4121-2_6Search in Google Scholar
Atkins, R. Kenneth. 2018. Charles S. Peirce’s phenomenology: Analysis and consciousness. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oso/9780190887179.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
Baddeley, Alan. 2007. Working memory, thought, and action. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528012.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
Baddeley, Alan & Jackie Andrade. 2000. Working memory and the vividness of imagery. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 129(1). 126–145. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.129.1.126.Search in Google Scholar
Bergman, Mats. 2010. C. S. Peirce on interpretation and collateral experience. Signs 4. 134–161.Search in Google Scholar
Bruner, Jerome. 1990. Acts of meaning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Davis, Paige, Elizabeth Meins & Charles Fernyhough. 2013. Individual differences in children’s private speech: The role of imaginary companions. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 116. 561–571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2013.06.010.Search in Google Scholar
Fernyhough, Charles. 2016. The voices within: The history and science of how we talk to ourselves. New York: Basic Books.Search in Google Scholar
Fernyhough, Charles, Ashley Watson, Marco Bernini, Peter Moseley & Ben Alderson-Day. 2019. Imaginary companions, inner speech, and auditory verbal hallucinations: What are the relations? Frontiers in Psychology 10. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01665.Search in Google Scholar
Innis, Robert. 2014. The bottomless lake of consciousness. In Torkild Thellefsen & Bent Sørensen (eds.), Charles Sanders Peirce in his own words: 100 Years of semiotics, communication, and cognition, 81–86. Berlin: Walter De Gruyter.10.1515/9781614516415.81Search in Google Scholar
Lee, Yunhee. 2011. Semiotic modeling in a narrational activity of interpretation and communication. Unpublished MS.Search in Google Scholar
Nöth, Winfried. 2011. From representation to thirdness and representamen to medium: Evolution of Peircean key terms and topics. Transactions of the Charles S Peirce Society 47(4). 445–481.10.2979/trancharpeirsoc.47.4.445Search in Google Scholar
Peirce, Charles S. I. 1866–1913. The collected papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, vols. 1–6, edited by Charles Hartshorne & Paul Weiss; vols. 7–8 edited by Arthur Burks. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1931–1935, 1958. Cited as CP.Search in Google Scholar
Peirce, Charles S. I. 1867–1913. The essential Peirce: Selected philosophical writings, vol. 1, edited by Nathan Houser & Christian Kloesel; vol. 2 edited by Peirce Edition Project. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1992–1998. Cited as EP 1 and EP 2.Search in Google Scholar
Peirce, Charles S. I. 1867–1913. Unpublished manuscripts are dated according to Richard Robin (ed.), Annotated catalogue of the papers of Charles S. Peirce, Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1967, and confirmed by the Peirce Edition Project, Indiana University–Purdue University at Indianapolis.Search in Google Scholar
Piaget, Jean & Bärbel Inhelder. 1969 [1950]. The psychology of the child. Trans. by Helen Weaver. New York: Basic Books.Search in Google Scholar
Pietarinen, Ahti-Veikko. 2004. The endoporeutic method. In Mats Bergman & João Queiroz (eds.), The commens encyclopedia: The digital encyclopedia of Peirce studies, New Edition (Pub. 131013–2050a). http://www.commens.org/encyclopedia/article/pietarinen-ahti-veikko-endoporeutic-method.Search in Google Scholar
Pietarinen, Ahti-Veikko. 2006. Signs of logic: Peircean themes of the philosophy of language, games, and communication. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.Search in Google Scholar
Seiffge-Krenke, Inge. 1993. Close friendship and imaginary companions in adolescence. New Directions for Child Development 60. 73–87. https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.23219936007.Search in Google Scholar
Trionfi, Gabriel & Elaine Reese. 2009. A good story: Children with imaginary companions create richer narratives. Child Development 80(4). 1301–1313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01333.x.Search in Google Scholar
West, Donna. 2016a. Peirce’s creative hallucinations in the ontogeny of abductive reasoning. Public Journal of Semiotics 7(2). 51–72.10.37693/pjos.2016.7.16469Search in Google Scholar
West, Donna. 2016b. Recommendations as imperative propositions in the operation of abductive reasoning: Peirce and beyond. IfCoLoG Journal of Logics and their Applications 3(1). 123–150.Search in Google Scholar
West, Donna. 2018. Early enactments as submissions toward self-control: Peirce’s ten-fold division of signs. In Geoffrey Owens & Jamin Pelkey (eds.), Semiotics 2017, 49–63. Charlottesville, VA: Philosophy Documentation Center Press.10.5840/cpsem20171Search in Google Scholar
West, Donna. 2019a. Semiotic determinants in episode-building: Beyond autonoetic consciousness. Filozofia i Nauka 7(1). 55–76. https://doi.org/10.37240/fin.2019.7.2.1.4.Search in Google Scholar
West, Donna. 2019b. Narrative as diagram for problem-solving: Confluence between Peirce’s and Vygotskii’s semiotic. In Geoffrey Owens & Elvira Katić (eds.), Semiotics 2018: Resilience in an age of relation, 201–220. Charlottesville: Philosophy Documentation Center Press.10.5840/cpsem201815Search in Google Scholar
West, Donna. 2019c. The dialogic nature of semiotic tools in facilitating conscious thought: Peirce’s and Vygotskii’s models. In Ángel Nepomuceno-Fernandez, Lorenzo Magnani, Francisco Salguero-Lamillar, Cristina Barés & Matthieu Fontaine (eds.), Model-based reasoning in science and technology: Inferential models for logic, language, cognition and computation, 193–216. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.10.1007/978-3-030-32722-4_12Search in Google Scholar
© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
