Abstract

Abstract:

Small and legally vulnerable, Plymouth faced a formidable task in approaching the newly restored monarchy in 1660 and the four royal commissioners sent to negotiate the terms of submission in 1664–65. In their 1665 "Humble Addrese" to Charles II, Plymouth freemen grappled with the legacy of the English civil wars and claimed the promises of pardon in the Declaration of Breda. The document and its surrounding context reveal a determined and strategic attempt by Plymouth colonists to position themselves as loyal and submissive subjects while also maintaining their boundaries and long-standing practices of self-government.

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