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Quantifying marine reservoir effect variability along the Northwest Coast of North America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2021

Nicholas Schmuck Open the ORCID record for Nicholas Schmuck [Opens in a new window] ,
Joshua Reuther ,
James F. Baichtal  and
Risa J. Carlson
Nicholas Schmuck*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 405A Bunnell Building, 1790 Tanana Loop, Fairbanks, Alaska 99709, USA
Joshua Reuther
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, University of Alaska Museum of the North, 1962 Yukon Dr, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775, USA
James F. Baichtal
Affiliation:
U.S. Forest Service, Tongass National Forest, 1312 Federal Way, Thorne Bay, Alaska 99919, USA
Risa J. Carlson
Affiliation:
U.S. Forest Service, Tongass National Forest, 1312 Federal Way, Thorne Bay, Alaska 99919, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Nicholas Schmuck, Email: nschmuck@alaska.edu
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Abstract

Recognition of marine reservoir effect (MRE) spatial and temporal variability must be accounted for in any radiocarbon-based paleoclimate, geomorphological, or archaeological reconstruction in a coastal setting. ΔR values from 37 shell-wood pairs across southern Southeast Alaska provide a robust local evaluation of the MRE, reporting a local Early Holocene weighted ΔR average of 265 ± 205, with a significantly higher ΔR average of 410 ± 60 for samples near limestone karst. Integration with our synthesis of extant MRE calibrations for the Northwest Coast of North America suggests that despite local variability, regional ΔR averages echo proxies for coastal upwelling: regional weighted averages were at their highest in the Bølling-Allerød interstade (575 ± 165) and their lowest in the Younger Dryas stade (−55 ± 110). Weighted ΔR averages across the Northwest Coast rose to a Holocene high during the Early Holocene warm period (245 ± 200) before settling into a stable Holocene average ΔR of 145 ± 165, which persisted until the late Holocene. Our quantification of local and regional shifts in the MRE shines a light on present methodological issues involved in MRE corrections in mixed-feeder, diet-based calibrations of archaeological and paleontological specimens.

Keywords

Marine reservoir effectSoutheast AlaskaNorthwest CoastRadiocarbon datingYounger DryasEarly HoloceneDiet-based radiocarbon calibrationsPaleoclimate reconstruction
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 103 , September 2021 , pp. 160 - 181
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Copyright
Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2021

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