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Stiffness and Energy Dissipation of Polymer Matrix Composites Containing Embedded Metallic Negative Stiffness Structures

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Abstract

Background

Conventional composites used in damping applications exhibit an undesirable tradeoff between stiffness and energy dissipation. Recent research demonstrates that it is possible to simultaneously achieve increased stiffness and energy dissipation for a configuration of a viscoelastic polymer matrix placed in parallel with a negative stiffness structure (NSS). This configuration resulted in energy dissipation equal to the sum of its components but is difficult to implement in practice.

Objective

In this paper, an alternative configuration is investigated in which the NSS is embedded simultaneously in series and parallel with the matrix. The main objectives are to examine the tradeoff between the stiffness and energy dissipation of the composite and to identify the mechanisms for enhanced energy dissipation.

Methods

To achieve this, FEA models were used to match the stiffness of a polymer matrix with that of a metallic NSS. Multiple specimens were manufactured and tested under quasi-static compressive loads to determine the force versus displacement curves and calculate the energy dissipation and stiffness.

Results

These tests demonstrate that the total energy dissipation of the composite can be greater than the sum of its components, while maintaining the benefit of increasing the stiffness and damping capacity simultaneously. The results also demonstrate that the applied strain rate plays a critical role in activating the NSS, which is essential to achieve the desired increase in energy dissipation.

Conclusions

The results indicate that localized strain and strain rate at the interface between the NSS and polymer matrix are the main contributors to achieving energy dissipation beyond the sum of its components. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the strain rate affects the activation of the NSS and therefore composites containing mechanically activated NSS must be designed for the strain rate of interest.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge Dr. David Bourell for allowing the use of scientific equipment required for this study and Stratasys Direct Manufacturing, Austin, TX for assistance with their stainless steel powder products. We also acknowledge Jared Allison and Clint Morris for their support and guidance on the NSS design process and FEA modeling.

Funding

The authors acknowledge the National Science Foundation for supporting this research under grant CMMI #1435548. We also acknowledge the “Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología”, MICIT and the “Consejo Nacional para Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas”, CONICIT for their support under the scholarship # 117–2012.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas At Austin, Austin, TX, 78731, USA

    S. Cortes, N. Cobo-Losey, M. R. Haberman, C. C. Seepersad & D. Kovar

  2. Applied Research Laboratories, University of Texas At Austin, Austin, TX, 78731, USA

    M. R. Haberman

  3. Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas At Austin, Austin, TX, 78731, USA

    D. Kovar

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  1. S. Cortes
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  2. N. Cobo-Losey
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Correspondence to S. Cortes.

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Cortes, S., Cobo-Losey, N., Haberman, M.R. et al. Stiffness and Energy Dissipation of Polymer Matrix Composites Containing Embedded Metallic Negative Stiffness Structures. Exp Mech 61, 843–858 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-021-00705-w

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