Skip to main content
Log in

High-performance class-E power amplifier integrated with a microstrip bandpass-filter for wireless applications

  • Published:
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, a class-E power amplifier using a harmonic control network consisting of a bandpass filter and a harmonic control circuit is presented. The advantage of using the bandpass filter in the harmonic control network is the elimination of the DC-block capacitor between the transistor and the load. As a result, losses due to this capacitor are eliminated at operating frequencies. In this design, a new narrow bandpass filter is used with a practical central frequency of 2.4 GHz. The filter carries the maximum power to the load due to its low insertion loss. On the other hand, the harmonic control circuit comprises a tunable elliptic resonator, which resonated in the third harmonic and a quadratic wavelength line, which controls the even harmonics. The input impedance of the harmonic controller circuit is also controlled by a microstrip transmission line that minimizes the parasitic effects of the transistor output. This design is fabricated and measured on the RO4001 board. The maximum measured power output of this narrow-band amplifier is 24 dBm, with 72% power added efficiency.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

source voltage waveform, (c) Current waveform of the transistor (d) the stability factors of the proposed power amplifier

Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Grebennikov, A., Sokal, N. O., & Franco, M. J. (2012). Switchmode RF and microwave power amplifiers. Academic Press.

  2. Grebennikov, A. (2016). High-efficiency class-E power amplifier with shunt capacitance and shunt filter. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 63(1), 12–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Liu, C., & Cheng, Q. F. (2018). A novel compensation circuit of high-Efficiency concurrent dual-band class-E power amplifiers. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 28(8), 720–722.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Chen, K., & Peroulis, D. (2011). Design of highly efficient broadband class-E power amplifier using synthesized low-pass matching networks. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques., 59(12), 3162–3173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Inoue, A., Ohta, A., Goto, S., Ishikawa, T., & Matsuda, Y. (2004, June). The efficiency of class-F and inverse class-F amplifiers. In 2004 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (IEEE Cat. No. 04CH37535) (Vol. 3, pp. 1947-1950). IEEE.

  6. Woo, Y. Y., Yang, Y., & Kim, B. (2006). Analysis and experiments for high-efficiency class-F and inverse class-F power amplifiers. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques., 54(5), 1969–1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Wu, D. Y. T., & Boumaiza, S. (2009). 10W GaN inverse class F PA with input/output harmonic termination for high efficiency WiMAX transmitter. In 2009 IEEE 10th Annual Wireless and Microwave Technology Conference (pp. 1-4). IEEE.

  8. Sheikh, A., Roff, C., Benedikt, J., Tasker, P. J., Noori, B., Wood, J., & Aaen, P. H. (2009). Peak class F and inverse class F drain efficiencies using Si LDMOS in a limited bandwidth design. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 19(7), 473–475.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Franco, M. J. (2010, May). An efficient, 35 dBm, inverse class-F, UHF RF power amplifier Module on a 12 mm 2 footprint designed in first pass through accurate modeling and simulation. In 2010 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (pp. 930-931). IEEE.

  10. Gao, S., & Park, C. W. (2010, November). A novel method for designing an inverse Class F power amplifier by controlling up to fifth harmonic. In 2010 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics (APACE) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.

  11. Ishikawa, R., & Honjo, K. (2011). Distributed class-F/inverse class-F circuit considering up to arbitrary harmonics with parasitics compensation. In 2011 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Innovative Wireless Power Transmission: Technologies, Systems, and Applications (pp. 29-32). IEEE.

  12. Guo, Q. Y., Zhang, X. Y., Xu, J. X., Li, Y. C., & Xue, Q. (2016). Bandpass class-F power amplifier based on multifunction hybrid cavity–microstrip filter. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs., 64(7), 742–746.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Xu, J. X., Zhang, X. Y., & Song, X. Q. (2017). High-efficiency filter-integrated class-F power amplifier based on dielectric resonator. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters., 27(9), 827–829.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Probst, S., Berkelmann, L., Lüers, B., Geck, B., & Manteuffel, D. (2018, January). Investigation of the dynamic load modulation of an inverse class-F power amplifier with an adaptive matching network. In 2018 IEEE Topical Conference on RF/Microwave Power Amplifiers for Radio and Wireless Applications (PAWR) (pp. 20-22). IEEE.

  15. Chen, S., & Xue, Q. (2010). A class-F power amplifier with CMRC. IEEE Microwave and Wireless components letters., 21(1), 31–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Hayati, M., & Shama, F. (2016). A harmonic-suppressed high-efficiency class-F power amplifier with Elliptic-Function low-pass filter. AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 70(10), 1417–1425.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Hayati, M., & Shama, F. (2019). High efficiency class-F power amplifier integrated with microstrip asymmetric lowpass filter. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 98(3), 587–596.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Ekhteraei, M., Hayati, M., & Shama, F. (2019). High-Efficiency Low Voltage Inverse Class-F Power Amplifier Design Based on Harmonic Control Network Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ekhteraei, M., Hayati, M., & Shama, F. (2019). A compact lowpass filter with ultra-high figure-of-merit for integrating with Class-F/F− 1 power amplifiers. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing., 99(3), 655–667.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Hayati, M., & Shama, F. (2017). A high-efficiency narrow-band class-F power amplifier integrated with a microstrip suppressing cell. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing., 90(2), 351–359.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Moloudi, F., & Jahanirad, H. (2020). Broadband class-E power amplifier design using tunable output matching network. AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications., 118(2), 153–142.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Danaeian, M., Moznebi, A. R., & Afrooz, K. (2020). Compact narrow band-pass filter based on alternate right–left handed transmission line concept. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing., 21, 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Anwar, M. S., Cao, Q., & Burney, S. A. (2020). High selectivity quarter-wavelength resonator bandpass filter utilizing source-load coupling. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 62(3), 1176–1182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Khawary, M. R., Nayyeri, V., Hashemi, S. M., & Soleimani, M. (2020). A new ultracompact narrow bandpass microstrip filter using double-negative quasiplanar cells. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation., 7, 2020.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Li, D., Xu, K. D., & Zhang, A. (2020 Jan). Single-ended and balanced bandpass filters using multiple pairs of coupled lines and stepped-impedance stubs. IEEE Access., 15(8), 13541–13548.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Farzin Shama.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Afzali, B., Shama, F. & Abbasi, H. High-performance class-E power amplifier integrated with a microstrip bandpass-filter for wireless applications. Analog Integr Circ Sig Process 107, 121–133 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-021-01817-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-021-01817-y

Keywords

Navigation