Skip to main content
Log in

Synthesizing the Multiple-Probe Experimental Design With the PEAK Relational Training System in Applied Settings

  • Technical and Tutorials
  • Published:
Behavior Analysis in Practice Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The scientist-practitioner model necessitates embedding experimental designs within applied practice. This technical report describes a procedure for embedding a multiple-probe experimental design within the PEAK Relational Training System across all four PEAK modules. Baseline probes provide a direct test of target skills negatively endorsed within the PEAK assessment battery and can provide an estimate of skill acquisition in the absence of direct training. Temporal staggering of the probes maintains the fidelity of the experimental design and allows for the design to evolve along with learner skill acquisition. Achievement of mastery criteria demonstrates the efficacy of programming, and failure to achieve mastery can be remedied through programming adjustments that can be captured within the design. We additionally conducted a field test of the design with a child with disabilities, supporting the viability of this procedure within applied settings.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ackley, M., Subramanian, J. W., Moore, J. W., Litten, S., Lundy, M. P., & Bishop, S. K. (2019). A review of language development protocols for individuals with autism. Journal of Behavioral Education. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10864-019-09327-8

  • Barlow, D. H., Hayes, S. C., & Nelson, R. O. (1984). The scientist practitioner: Research and accountability in clinical and educational settings. Pergamon.

  • Belisle, J., McDonald, N., Clark, L., Lauer, T., & Giamanco, A. (2020). A bias-informed selection algorithm for the PEAK Relational Training System: Consolidating direct assessment, indirect assessment, and item-agreement [Manuscript submitted for publication].

  • Belisle, J., Paliliunas, D., Lauer, T., Giamanco, A., Lee, B., & Sickman, E. (2020). Derived relational responding and transformations of function in children: a review of applied behavior-analytic journals. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 36, 115–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40616-019-00123-z.

  • Critchfield, T. S., & Reed, D. D. (2004). Conduits of translation in behavior-science bridge research. In J. E. Burgos & E. Ribes (Eds.), Theory, basic and applied research, and technological applications in behavior science: Conceptual and methodological issues (pp. 45–84). University of Guadalajara Press.

  • Dixon, M. R. (2014a). PEAK Direct Training Module. Shawnee Scientific Press.

  • Dixon, M. R. (2014b). PEAK Generalization Module. Shawnee Scientific Press.

  • Dixon, M. R. (2015). PEAK Equivalence Module. Shawnee Scientific Press.

  • Dixon, M. R. (2016). PEAK Transformation Module. Shawnee Scientific Press.

  • Dixon, M. R. (2019). PEAK Comprehensive Assessment. Shawnee Scientific Press.

  • Dixon, M. R., Belisle, J., McKeel, A., Whiting, S., Speelman, R., Daar, J. H., & Rowsey, K. (2017). An internal and critical review of the PEAK Relational Training System for children with autism and related intellectual disabilities: 2014–2017. The Behavior Analyst, 40, 493–521. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-017-0119-4.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dixon, M. R., Belisle, J., Paliliunas, D., Stanley, C. R., & Barron, B. F. (2016). PEAK Transformation Module: Introduction. In M. R. Dixon, PEAK Transformation Module (pp. 1–79). Shawnee Scientific Press.

  • Dixon, M. R., Reed, D. D., Smith, T., Belisle, J., & Jackson, R. E. (2015). Research rankings of behavior analytic graduate training programs and their faculty. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 8, 7–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-015-0057-0.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fryling, M. J. (2017). The functional independence of Skinner’s verbal operants: Conceptual and applied implications. Behavioral Interventions, 32, 70–78. https://doi.org/10.1002/bin.1462.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, S. C., Barnes-Holmes, D., & Roche, B. (Eds.). (2001). Relational frame theory: A post-Skinnerian account of human language and cognition. Plenum Press.

  • Horner, R. D., & Baer, D. M. (1978). Multiple-probe technique: A variation of the multiple baseline. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 11, 189–196. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1978.11-189.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Iwata, B. A., Dorsey, M. F., Slifer, K. J., Bauman, K. E., & Richman, G. S. (1994). Toward a functional analysis of self-injury. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27, 197–209. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1994.27-197.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor, M., Farrell, L., Munnelly, A., & McHugh, L. (2017). Citation analysis of relational frame theory: 2009–2016. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 6, 152–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.04.009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sidman, M., & Tailby, W. (1982). Conditional discrimination vs. matching to sample: An expansion of the testing paradigm. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 37, 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1982.37-5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal behavior. Prentice Hall.

  • Witts, B. N. (2018). An external review of the conclusions regarding the PEAK Direct Training Module. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 51, 719–737. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.491.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author Note

Special thanks go to Taylor Lauer and Annalise Giamanco, who provided considerable assistance developing and maintaining PEAK programming used within the field test of this design.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jordan Belisle.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee (Missouri State University, FWA: 00004733) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Funding

This project was funded by research awards developed by Project Alpha and Pender Public School (B02743-132022-73004-011) as part of an effort to infuse applied behavior-analytic research within applied settings.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Belisle, J., Clark, L., Welch, K. et al. Synthesizing the Multiple-Probe Experimental Design With the PEAK Relational Training System in Applied Settings. Behav Analysis Practice 14, 181–192 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-020-00520-0

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-020-00520-0

Keywords

Navigation