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Coastal Meadow Vegetation Following a Century of Shielding Behind a Dike

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Abstract

It is still common practice in Europe to dike salt marshes for agricultural use. This impacts both the vegetation and physical environment of the marsh. We studied the plant community, environmental conditions, and determined correlations between vegetation cover and diversity with environmental factors on an enclosed marsh, which has been behind a dike since 1890. Vegetation data from both salt marshes without dikes and fresh meadows are routinely sampled by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency and were here used to assess whether the plant community of the shielded marsh resembled that of either salt marshes or fresh meadows. The century-long elimination of tidal and storm flooding has resulted in low salinity levels (0.4–5.13 ppt), low available P (0.36–4.90 mg/100 g soil), and high total N (0.68–28.82 g/kg). The plant community of the shielded marsh demonstrated a mean species richness (11.4) similar to that of other salt marshes but was no longer characterized by the same composition of halophytes (ANOSIM, p < 0.001). However, despite the century-long shielding the vegetation does not resemble that of the nearby fresh meadow community (ANOSIM, p < 0.001). Therefore, prohibiting tidal floodings by dikes does not protect the salt marsh habitat but instead results in a habitat that contains both halophytes and glycophytes.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Niels Dahlin and his employees from Aage V. Jensen Naturfond for the support in the field. We would also like to thank Helle Blendstrup, Rasmus S. Nielsen, and Lotte Trillingsgaard for their help with the laboratory analyses. Further, we would like to thank associate editor R. Scott Warren and five anonymous reviewers for their time and valuable comments that helped improve this manuscript.

Funding

The work was funded by the Aage V. Jensens Naturfond (AVJNF), project title (in Danish): ‘Udvikling af en forvaltningsstrategi, der tilgodeser hele økosystemet i De Østlige Vejler’ (Developing a management strategy accommodating the entire ecosystem of ‘De Østlige Vejler’).

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  1. Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, DK, Denmark

    Line Holm Andersen, Jeppe Storgaard Knudsen, Thomas Bo Sørensen, Anna Sofie Krag Skærbæk, Simon Bahrndorff, Cino Pertoldi, Kristian Trøjelsgaard & Dan Bruhn

  2. Aalborg Zoo, Mølleparkvej 63, 9000, Aalborg, DK, Denmark

    Cino Pertoldi

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  1. Line Holm Andersen
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Contributions

LHA, DB, CP, SB, and KT conceived the ideas for the study. LHA, DB, ASKS, JSK, and TBS planned the field and laboratory work. JSK, TBS, and LHA conducted the fieldwork under the guidance of DB. JSK and TBS assisted with the laboratory work. LHA and ASKS gathered data from DEPA. LHA conducted the data analyses and wrote a first draft of the manuscript under the supervision of DB. CP assisted and advised on the statistical analyses. All authors commented on the results and manuscript.

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Correspondence to Line Holm Andersen.

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Communicated by R. Scott Warren

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Andersen, L.H., Knudsen, J.S., Sørensen, T.B. et al. Coastal Meadow Vegetation Following a Century of Shielding Behind a Dike. Estuaries and Coasts 44, 2087–2099 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-021-00923-4

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