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Bio-sorption of a bi-solute system of copper and lead ions onto banana peels: characterization and optimization

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Abstract

Purpose

Banana peel was used as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Cu and Pb ions from aqueous solution in a binary system.

Methods

The interactive effects of the operating parameters such as initial concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage and particle size were studied in a batch mode using central composite design. The characterizations of banana peels were done using point of zero charge (pHpzc), Fourier infrared transform (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental composition (EDS).

Result

The point of zero charge of banana peels was determined to be 4.83. The FTIR, SEM and EDS showed the functional groups, surface morphology and elemental composition respectively before and after the adsorption process. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a good fit of coefficient of determination (R2) for Cu and Pb being 0.998 and 0.988 respectively. The percentage removal of Cu and Pb increased with increasing adsorbent dosage, however, the bio-sorption capacity of Pb was greater than Cu. The optimized variable conditions for the bio-sorption of Cu and Pb using banana peel gave 99.79% and 88.94% removal for Pb and Cu respectively with initial concentration of 100 mg/L, pH 5, adsorbent dosage of 1 g and particle size of 75 μm. The above condition gave desirability of 0.959, which denotes that the optimum conditions are acceptable.

Conclusion

The regression model and the agreement between the experimental and predicted values confirmed the validity of second-order polynomial equation for the bio-sorption of Cu and Pb using banana peels.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to appreciate National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa for their financial support, Durban University of Technology and Mangosuthu University of Technology for their support in using certain equipment for the analytical work conducted for this study.

Funding

The authors appreciated the financial support of National Research Foundation (Grant Nu: 105235).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Systems Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa

    Felicia O Afolabi

  2. Faculty of Engineering, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Umlazi, Durban, South Africa

    Paul Musonge

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Umlazi, Durban, South Africa

    Babatunde F Bakare

Authors
  1. Felicia O Afolabi
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  2. Paul Musonge
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  3. Babatunde F Bakare
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Correspondence to Felicia O Afolabi.

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Afolabi, F.O., Musonge, P. & Bakare, B.F. Bio-sorption of a bi-solute system of copper and lead ions onto banana peels: characterization and optimization. J Environ Health Sci Engineer 19, 613–624 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-021-00632-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-021-00632-x

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