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Acceleration of Heat Transfer and Melting Rate of a Phase Change Material by Nanoparticles Addition at Low Concentrations

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Abstract

The thermal analysis of melting process of phase change material in rectangular latent thermal energy storage unit is presented herein. To resolve the low heat transfer rate due to the low thermal conductivity of pure paraffin (the phase change material of this study), the nano-paraffin approach has been numerically investigated. Four nano-metal oxides (Al2O3, MgO, SiO2 and SnO2) with high thermal conductivity are dispersed into the pure paraffin at different concentrations (1 %, 3 % and 5 %, v/v). The adopted mathematical model that has been used to study the mass, momentum, and energy transport processes inside the nano-paraffin systems has been firstly validated by available literature data. The obtained results showed that both heat transfer and solid melting rate are significantly improved in the presence of nanomaterials, with an independent relation to the particles concentration for a long melting time, i.e. up to 10 000 s. However, above 10 000 s, high particles concentration slightly enhanced the liquid fraction. Besides, it is found that the type of particles did not affect appreciably the heat transfer and the solid melting rate. Nevertheless, the enhancing effect of the nano-paraffin system is strongly melting time dependence. For the four investigated metal oxides, the temperature system attained 351 K at 1000 s of operation, whereas that recorded for the pure paraffin at the same time is 345 K, which yields an improvement of 1.7 %. For the same conditions, the liquid fraction passes form 0.04 for pure paraffin to 0.1 for nano-paraffin system, showing 150 % of enhancement in the melting yield.

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Abbreviations

A:

Mushy zone constant

Cp:

Specific heat capacity (J/kg K)

d:

Diameter (m)

f:

Liquid fraction of nano-PCM

g:

Gravitational acceleration (m/s2)

K:

Thermal conductivity (W/m K)

KB :

Boltzmann constant

L:

Latent heat capacity (kJ/kg)

P:

Pressure (N/m2)

T:

Temperature (K)

t:

Time (s)

V:

Velocity (m/s)

V:

Volume (m3)

Q:

Heat flux (W/m2)

β:

Thermal expansion coefficient (1/K)

µ:

Dynamic viscosity (kg/m s)

∅:

Volume concentration of nano-particles

ρ:

Density (kg/m3)

i:

Initial

l:

Liquefied phase

s:

Solidified phase

pc:

Phase change

np:

Nano-particles

npcm:

Nano-PCM

ref:

Reference

HTF:

Heat transfer fluid

PCM:

Phase change material

SENS:

Sensible

LAT:

Latent

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Acknowledgement

The authors would like to acknowledge Mr. Yacine Lakaf, Mr. Abdelhadi Reffis and Dr. Ferhoune Issam, Head of the department of Process Engineering (University of Oum El-Bouaghi), for their assistance in realizing this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Studies of Industrial Energy Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Mostefa Ben Boulaid, Batna 2, 05000, Batna, Algeria

    Atef Chibani

  2. Laboratory of Environmental Process Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Process Engineering, University Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, P.O. Box 72, 25000, Constantine, Algeria

    Slimane Merouani

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  1. Atef Chibani
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  2. Slimane Merouani
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Correspondence to Atef Chibani.

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Chibani, A., Merouani, S. Acceleration of Heat Transfer and Melting Rate of a Phase Change Material by Nanoparticles Addition at Low Concentrations. Int J Thermophys 42, 66 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-021-02822-z

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