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Preparation and Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles Embedded in Muntingia calabura Leaf Extract to Cure White Piedra

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Abstract

Purpose

Trichosporon inkin is recognized as one of the vital causative organisms of white piedra in humans. Very few herbal treatments are available against white piedra. Muntingia calabura (MC) leaf extract and silver (Ag) nanoparticles are identified for their numerous therapeutic applications which is the main purpose of this research work.

Methods

In this work, we synthesized, characterized, and studied the stability of Ag nanoparticles embedded in the aqueous extract of MC leaf. The antifungal and antioxidant activity of the Ag nanoparticles embedded MC leaf extract was examined using well diffusion method and 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, respectively.

Results

Absorbance peak at 440 nm in UV-visible spectrum confirmed the reduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) zeta potential analyzer revealed the average particle size of the nanoparticles as 20 nm with the zeta potential of − 18.9 mV. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed spherical nanoparticles with a particle size of 20 to 50 nm. Elemental analysis using energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) identified the presence of Ag. Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results predicted functional groups of MC leaf extract and Ag nanoparticles functionalized with MC extract explaining the interaction between them. The crystallinity of silver nanoparticles and particle size was identified using an x-ray diffractometer (XRD).

Conclusions

Ag nanoparticles embedded in MC leaf extract exhibited good stability and possessed good antioxidant activity. The zone of inhibition inferred for the Ag nanoparticles embedded in MC leaf extract determined its antifungal activity against Trichosporon inkin. Hence, the developed Ag nanoparticles embedded in MC leaf extract can be used efficiently in any formulations formulated against Trichosporon inkin.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the basic support from the Anna University Regional Office, Coimbatore.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Anna University Regional Campus, Coimbatore, 641046, India

    S. Vignesh Kumar, T. Ramya Sri & N. Prakash

  2. Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, J&K, Jammu, 181 221, India

    E. Muthusankar

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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by S. Vignesh Kumar, T. Ramya Sri, and N. Prakash. The manuscript was written by S.Vignesh Kumar and reviewed and edited by E. Muthusankar. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to E. Muthusankar.

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Kumar, S.V., Sri, T.R., Prakash, N. et al. Preparation and Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles Embedded in Muntingia calabura Leaf Extract to Cure White Piedra. J Pharm Innov 17, 662–673 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12247-021-09547-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12247-021-09547-4

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