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Comparative CpG methylation kinetic patterns of cis-regulatory regions of heat stress–related genes in Sahiwal and Frieswal cattle upon persistent heat stress

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Abstract

The kinetic patterns of CpG methylation of the cis-regulatory region of heat stress–related genes on exposed to heat stress (at 42 °C) between the Sahiwal and Frieswal cattle was compared in the present study. Using an in vitro whole blood culture model, cells were continuously exposed to heat stress (at 42 °C) for 6 h. Methylation levels of five genes, viz., GPX1, HSP70, HSP90, c-FOS, and JUN were estimated by SyberGreen-based quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) assay. CpG methylation kinetics at different time points of heat stress (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 h) were analyzed using mixed ANOVA. The initial methylation level, estimated at 37 °C, of HSP70 was significantly high in the Sahiwal breed. A significant (p<0.001) time-dependent hypomethylation of an antioxidant gene (GPX1) CpG islands was detected at the acute phase of the stress. Heat shock protein gene (HSP70) showed a similar CpG methylation kinetics where the hypomethylation was prominent from 1 h and persisted up to 4 h. The heat stress responses of both Sahiwal and Frieswal cattle were identical as there was no distinctiveness in the methylation kinetics of CpG islands of studied genes. The acclimatization of Frieswal cattle—a breed developed in India over the years to the tropical climatic conditions, maybe one of the reasons for this similarity. Thus, the present study results could pave a path to understand the molecular mechanism of heat stress and adaptation of indigenous and crossbred cattle populations to the changing scenario in tropical climate conditions.

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Data availability

Data has been presented within the manuscript. The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study also available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Director, Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, India, for providing the necessary facilities for conducting the study. We also acknowledge the Director, Frieswal for providing the biological samples.

Funding

The ICAR supported the research under Institutional funding and work is done as part of MSc dissertation work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, MIET, Meerut, India

    Nitika Verma, Ashima Kathuria & Shaziya Hussain

  2. ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

    Rafeeque R. Alyethodi

  3. ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India

    Rani Alex

  4. ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, UP, India

    Umesh Singh, S. Tyagi, Ajayvir Singh Sirohi, Sushil Kumar, Gyanendra S. Sengar, T. V. Raja & B. Prakash

Authors
  1. Nitika Verma
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  2. Rafeeque R. Alyethodi
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  3. Ashima Kathuria
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  4. Rani Alex
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rafeeque R. Alyethodi.

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None of the authors' have any competing interests, including financial and non-financial.

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Research has been approved by the Institute Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) of the ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, UP, India, under CPCSEA guidelines.

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Verma, N., Alyethodi, R.R., Kathuria, A. et al. Comparative CpG methylation kinetic patterns of cis-regulatory regions of heat stress–related genes in Sahiwal and Frieswal cattle upon persistent heat stress. Int J Biometeorol 65, 1025–1032 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-021-02084-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-021-02084-2

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