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Annual Review of Cancer Biology

Volume 5, 2021

Molecular Biology of Childhood Leukemia

Abstract

Childhood hematological malignancies (HM) exhibit profound genetic and biological heterogeneity. Many sporadic and familial HM have a heritable predisposition. Genomic sequencing has revised the taxonomy of lymphoid and myeloid leukemias, indicating the importance of accurate molecular diagnosis in disease management. Notable examples include the identification of gene expression–based subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), identification of diverse rearrangements of in high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML), characterization of the interplay of cell-of-origin and genomic alterations in lineage-ambiguous leukemias, and the prognostic importance of DNA methylation in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemias. These insights provide therapeutic opportunities, including kinase inhibition in Ph-like ALL, menin inhibition in -rearranged AML, histone deacetylase inhibition in -rearranged ALL, and FLT3 inhibition in T-lineage and myeloid leukemias. We provide an overview of the molecular foundation and classification of childhood leukemias, focusing on recent scientific advances, and discuss potential therapeutic implications.

Keyword(s): genomics, leukemia, leukemogenesis, precision medicine, predisposition
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/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-043020-110055
2021-03-04
2024-04-19
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Molecular Biology of Childhood Leukemia
Annual Review of Cancer Biology 5, 95 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-043020-110055
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-043020-110055
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-043020-110055
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