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Investigating Effects of Turbine-Like Blades on GDI Spray Formation, Injector Deposits and Particulate Emissions

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Abstract

This study investigates effects of a novel GDI injector outer tip design on the airflow behavior, spray formation, injector deposits and engine particulate emissions. The novel design has turbine-like blades that are located on the tip of the injector. The effects of turbine-like blades on the airflow behavior below the injector tip is initially investigated by means of numerical simulations with three simulation parameters: airflow velocity, air wall shear stress and prehole wetting. Simulations show that turbine-like blades increase the airflow velocity within the boundary layer. Consequently, wall shear stress increase over the injector tip. Therefore, the average prehole wetting decreases. Spray measurements show that the air entrainment increases and spray penetration reduces due to blades, which also confirm the increased airflow velocity. According to engine experiments, particulate emissions reduce slightly at high engine loads. Turbine-like blades do not cause a decrease on particulate emissions from low-to-mid engine loads. The deposit formation reduces around preholes and at the outer side of the injector tip. However, deposits cannot be avoided over the dome of the injector tip.

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Abbreviations

α :

plume direction angle (°)

β :

plume spreading angle (°)

\(\dot m\) :

mass flow rate (kg/s)

τ :

wall shear stress (Pa)

υ :

air flow velocity (m/s)

W :

prehole Wetting (-)

SOI:

start of Injection (CAD)

PN:

particulate emissions (particle number/cm3)

BMEP:

brake mean effective pressure (bar)

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Acknowledgement

This work was financially supported by the Scientific and Technology Research Council of Turkey (TÜBITAK). This support is gratefully acknowledged. The discussions with Prof. Alper Özalp from Uludag University is deeply appreciated. The support of Dr. Norbert Mueller from Robert Bosch GmbH for experimental measurements is also gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Gasoline Injector Research and Development Center, Robert Bosch TR, Eflatun Caddesi, Bursa, 16140, Turkey

    Hüseyin Karadeniz

  2. Engineering Centre Virtualisation (PS/EVI2), Robert Bosch GmbH, Postfach 30 02 20, Stuttgart, 70442, Germany

    Hüseyin Karadeniz

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  1. Hüseyin Karadeniz
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Correspondence to Hüseyin Karadeniz.

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Karadeniz, H. Investigating Effects of Turbine-Like Blades on GDI Spray Formation, Injector Deposits and Particulate Emissions. Int.J Automot. Technol. 22, 281–290 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-021-0027-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-021-0027-1

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