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Geochronology and Ore Genesis of the Niujuan-Yingfang Pb-Zn-Ag Deposit in Fengning, Northern North China Craton: Constraints from Fluid Inclusions, H-O-S Isotopes and Fluorite Sr-Nd Isotopes

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Abstract

The Niujuan-Yingfang Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in northern North China Craton (NCC) is hosted at the contact zone between Permian biotite monzogranite and Hongqiyingzi Group migmatitic gneiss. The orebodies are structurally controlled by NE-trending F1 fault. Mineralization can be divided into three stages: (1) siliceous-chlorite-pyrite stage, (2) quartz-Ag-base metal stage, and (3) fluoritecalcite stage. Four types of fluid inclusions were identified, including: (1) liquid-rich aqueous inclusions, (2) vapor-rich inclusions, (3) liquid-rich, solid-bearing inclusions, and (4) CO2-bearing inclusions. Microthermometric measurements reveal that from stage I to III, the homogenization temperatures range from 317 to 262 °C, from 297 to 192 °C, and from 248 to 151 °C, respectively, and the fluid salinities are in the ranges from 1.1 wt.% to 6.5 wt.%, 1.2 wt.% to 6.0 wt.% and 0.7 wt.% to 4.0 wt.% NaCl equivalents, respectively. Fluid boiling and cooling are the two important mechanisms for ore precipitation according to microthermometric data, and fluid-rock interaction is also indispensable. Laser Raman spectroscopic analyses indicate the fluid system of the deposit is composed of CO2-NaCl-H2O±N2. Metallogenic fluorites yielded a Sm-Nd isochron age of 158±35 Ma. The δ34SV-CDT values of sulfides range from −1.3‰ to 6.3‰, suggesting that the sulfur may be inherited from the basement metamorphic igneous rocks. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of quartz indicate a metamorphic origin for the ore-forming fluid, and the proportion of meteoric water increased during the ore-forming processes. Sr-Nd isotopes of fluorites show a crustal source for the ore-forming fluid, with primary metamorphic fluid mixed with meteoric water during ascent to lower crustal levels. Combined with the geological, metallogenic epoch, fluid inclusions, H-O-S and Sr-Nd isotopes characteristics of the deposit, we suggest that the Niujuan-Yingfang deposit belongs to the medium-low temperature hydrothermal vein-type Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit, with ore-forming fluids dominantly originated from metamorphic fluids.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China

    Xiang Yan, Xiaoxia Duan & Zhiqiang Wang

  2. Ore Deposit and Exploration Centre (ODEC), Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China

    Xiang Yan, Xiaoxia Duan & Zhiqiang Wang

  3. Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China

    Bin Chen

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  1. Xiang Yan
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Correspondence to Bin Chen.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (No. 2018YFC0603801) and the China Geological Survey Program (No. 12120115033601). We are grateful to Jifan Sun of Fengning Yanshan Mining Limited Liability Company for his help during field work. The authors thank the staff of the Analytical Center of the Beijing Institute of Geology for Nuclear Industry and Wengang Liu of the Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources for their assistance in isotope analysis. The authors thank two reviewers for their suggestions, which are helpful to the improvement of this paper. The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-020-1393-8.

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Yan, X., Chen, B., Duan, X. et al. Geochronology and Ore Genesis of the Niujuan-Yingfang Pb-Zn-Ag Deposit in Fengning, Northern North China Craton: Constraints from Fluid Inclusions, H-O-S Isotopes and Fluorite Sr-Nd Isotopes. J. Earth Sci. 32, 81–102 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-020-1393-8

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