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Provenance of Lower Carboniferous Bauxite Deposits in Northern Guizhou, China: Constraints from Geochemistry and Detrital Zircon U-Pb Ages

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Abstract

The Lower Carboniferous Jiujialu Formation bauxite deposits of northern Guizhou Province, China, are a Kazakhstan subtype of karst bauxite deposits. The provenance of the Jiujialu Formation has long been debated, with uncertainty about the formation of the bauxite deposits. Here we report new geochemical data that indicate the affinity between the Lower-Middle Ordovician clastic rocks and argillaceous dolostones and the overlying Carboniferous bauxite deposits, all of which are characterized by high Al2O3, K2O, and ΣREE contents, flat post-Archean Australian shale (PAAS)-normalized REE patterns, and uniform immobile element ratios (TiO2/Al2O3, Nb/TiO2, and Zr/TiO2). Their similar detrital zircon age distributions further indicate the link between the bauxite deposits and the clastic rocks and argillaceous dolostones. Zircon age spectra of clastic rocks of the Lower Silurian Hanchiatien Formation in northern Guizhou match those of the bauxite deposits, with a maximum age peak at ∼980 Ma and other secondary age peaks, suggesting these clastic rocks may represent the provenance of the bauxite deposits. The youngest detrital zircons (∼445 Ma) occur only in the bauxite deposits and are probably sourced from K-bentonite beds of the Ordovician-Silurian transition. Our analyses indicate that the source materials of the bauxite deposits in the Jiujialu Formation are of mixed provenance: Lower-Middle Ordovician aluminosilicate rocks and argillaceous dolostones of the underlying strata, and Lower Silurian clastic rocks and K-bentonite from adjacent areas. A comparison of Early Carboniferous bauxitic provenances in northern and central Guizhou indicates that paleotopography was the major factor controlling the provenance of these bauxite deposits.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China

    Guolin Xiong, Wenchao Yu, Yuansheng Du, Dawei Pang & Jintao Zhou

  2. Innovation Center of Ore Resources Exploration Technology in the Region of Bedrock, Ministry of Natural Resources of People’s Republic of China, Guiyang, 550004, China

    Guolin Xiong, Wenchao Yu, Yuansheng Du, Dawei Pang, Xusheng Deng & Jintao Zhou

  3. 106 Geological Party, Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, Zunyi, 563099, China

    Shenfu Weng

  4. Guizhou Geological Survey, Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, Guiyang, 550081, China

    Xusheng Deng

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  1. Guolin Xiong
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  2. Wenchao Yu
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  3. Yuansheng Du
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  4. Shenfu Weng
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  5. Dawei Pang
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  7. Jintao Zhou
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Correspondence to Wenchao Yu.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. U1812402, 41802116), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) (Nos. CUG170684, CUGQY1908). The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-020-1081-8.

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Xiong, G., Yu, W., Du, Y. et al. Provenance of Lower Carboniferous Bauxite Deposits in Northern Guizhou, China: Constraints from Geochemistry and Detrital Zircon U-Pb Ages. J. Earth Sci. 32, 235–252 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-020-1081-8

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