Abstract
This study was carried out to screen historical diversity panel of bread wheat against municipal wastewater (MW) and remediated wastewater (RW) irrigation to find tolerant and sensitive genotypes and their impact on yield attributes. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three water treatments, i.e., tap water (TW), RW, and MW. Yield attributes, health risk assessment, water and soil chemistry were recorded. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify tolerant and sensitive genotypes of wheat on the basis of metal accumulation. Metal accumulation in grains increased in pattern K > Fe > Zn in all irrigation treatments. Tolerant genotypes in MW showed lowest hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) values (adults 0.62; children 0.67) for Fe and Zn as compared to sensitive genotypes (adults 1.53; children 1.70). However, HI values in sensitive and tolerant genotypes of RW were recorded < 1. Mean values of yield attributes, i.e., plant height, spike length, spikelet per spike, grains per plant, biological yield, grain yield, and thousand kernel weight, were recorded in pattern, i.e., MW > RW > TW. In this study, yield attributes and human health are affected in both cases of higher and lower concentration of Fe and Zn metal. It is suggested that tolerant genotypes can prove useful for cultivation in areas receiving MW and also provide molecular breeding opportunities for seeking tolerance against metal stresses.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alarcón J, Pedrero F (2009) Effects of treated wastewater irrigation on lemon trees. Desalination 246:631–639
Alberta Environment (2000) Guidelines for municipal wastewater irrigation. Municipal Program Development Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, Environmental Service, Alberta
Albretsen J (2006) The toxicity of iron, an essential element. Vet Med 101(2):82–90
Ali Z, Ali B, Mohammad A, Ahmad M, Ahmad I, Napar AA, Gul A, Ali A, Shah SS, Mujeeb-Kazi A (2013) Combating water scarcity for global food security. In: Raza A (ed) Agricultural systems in the 21st century. Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Oser Avenue Hauppauge, pp 1–30
Ali Z, Malik RN, Gul A, Mujeeb-Kazi A (2015a) Taming food security through wastewater irrigation practices. In: Ozturk M (ed) Plants, pollutants and remediation. Springer publishing, Netherlands, pp 111–136
Ali Z, Malik RN, Shinwari ZK, Qadir A (2015b) Enrichment, risk assessment and statistical apportionment of heavy metals in tannery affected areas. Int J Environ Sci Technol 12:537–550
Ali Z, Razi-ul-Hasnain R, Quraishi UM, Maik RN (2018a) Heavy metal tolerance and biochemical attributes of selected wheat genotypes on irrigation with industrial wastewaters. Pak J Agric Sci 55(4):819–832
Ali Z, Mujeeb-Kazi A, Quraishi UM, Maik RN (2018b) Deciphering adverse effects of heavy metals on diverse wheat germplasm on irrigation with urban wastewater of mixed municipal-industrial origin. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25(19):18462–18475
Ali Z, Mohammad A, Riaz Y, Quraishi UM, Malik RN (2018c) Treatment efficiency of a hybrid constructed wetland system for municipal wastewater and its suitability for crop irrigation. Int J Phytoremediation 20(11):1152–1161
Allen S, Grimshaw H, Rowland A (1986) Chemical analysis. In: Moore PD, Chapman SB (eds) Methods in Plant Ecology. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp 285–344
Alloway BJ (1995) Heavy metals in soils, Second edn. Blackie Academic & Professional, London
Alloway BJ (2013) Bioavailability of elements in soil. In: Selinus O (ed) Essentials of medical geology. Springer, Netherlands, pp 351–373
Almas F, Hassan A, Bibi A, Ali M, Lateef S, Mahmood T (2018) Identification of genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with tolerance to chromium toxicity in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Soil 422(1-2):371–384
Alybayeva R, Kenzhebayeva S, Atabayea S (2014) Resistance of winter wheat genotypes to heavy metals. IERI Proced 8:41–45
APHA (2005) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 21st edn. American Public Health Association, Americam Water Works Association, Water Enviroment Federation, Washington, D.C
Ayers RS, Westcot DW (1985) Water quality for agriculture, vol 29. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome
Bermudez GM, Jasan R, Pignata ML (2011) Heavy metal and trace element concentrations in wheat grains, assessment of potential non-carcinogenic health hazard through their consumption. J Hazard Mater 193:264–271
Bi C, Zhou Y, Chen Z, Jia J, Bao X (2018) Heavy metals and lead isotopes in soils, road dust and leafy vegetables and health risks via vegetable consumption in the industrial areas of Shanghai. China. Sci Total Environ 619:1349–1357
Bibi S (2018) Safe Drinking Water in Pakistan. Pak J Med Res 57(2):48–49
Ci D, Jiang D, Dai T, Jing Q, Cao W (2009) Effects of cadmium on plant growth and physiological traits in contrast wheat recombinant inbred lines differing in cadmium tolerance. Chemosphere 77(11):1620–1625
El Rasafi T, Nouri M, Bouda S, Haddioui A (2016) The effect of Cd, Zn and Fe on seed germination and early seedling growth of wheat and bean. Ekológia (Bratislava) 35(3):213–223
Ensink JH, Mahmood T, Amerasinghe FP (2004) A nationwide assessment of wastewater use in Pakistan: An obscure activity or a vitally important one? Water Policy 6(3):197–206
Esmailiyan Y, Heidari M, Ghanbari A (2008) Effect of municipal wastewater with manure and chemical fertilizer on grain yield and yield components in corn KoSc 704. J Agron 7(3):277–280
Farid M, Irshad M, Fawad M, Ali Z, Eneji AE, Aurangzeb N, Mohammad A, Ali B (2014) Effect of cyclic phytoremediation with different wetland plants on municipal wastewater. Int J Phytoremediation 16(6):572–581
Fathi G, Irashahi Z, Moosavi SA, Gharineh MH (2011) Effects of different cadmium and zinc concentrations on yield and nutrient uptake of wheat. EFITA/WCCA, Prague
Genc Y, McDonald GK, Graham RD (2006) Contribution of different mechanisms to zinc efficiency in bread wheat during early vegetative stage. Plant Soil 281(1-2):353–367
Ghorbani S, Khiabani BM, Amini I, Ardakani MR (2009) Effect of iron and zinc on yield and yield components of mutant line’s wheat. Asian J Biol Sci 2(3):74–80
Gramss G, Voigt KD (2016) Stability of the inherent target metallome in seed crops and a mushroom grown on soils of extreme mineral spans. Agronomy 6(1):14
Huang M, Zhou S, Sun B, Zhao Q (2008) Heavy metals in wheat grain: assessment of potential health risk for inhabitants in Kunshan, China. Sci Total Environ 405(1-3):54–61
Iram S, Ahmad I, Riaz Y, Zahra A (2012) Treatment of wastewater by lemna minor. Pak J Bot 44(2):553–557
Jan FA, Ishaq M, Khan S, Ihsanullah I, Ahmed I, Shakirullah M (2010) A comparative study of human health risks via consumption of food crops grown on wastewater irrigated soil (Peshawar) and relatively clean water irrigated soil (lower Dir). J Hazard Mater 179:612–621
Kabata-Pendias A (2011) Trace elements in soils and plants (fourth ed). CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton
Keraita B, Drechsel P (2004) Agricultural use of untreated urban wastewater in Ghana. Wastewater use in irrigated agriculture. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp 101–112
Khan S, Ahmad I, Shah MT, Rehman S (2009) Use of constructed wetland for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater. J Environ Manag 90(11):3451–3457
Khan S, Rehman S, Khan AZ, Khan MA, Shah MT (2010) Soil and vegetables enrichment with heavy metals from geological sources in Gilgit, northern Pakistan. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 73(7):1820-1827
Khan ZI, Firdos A, Ahmad K, Ashraf M, Bibi Z, Akram NA, Rizwan Y, Al-Qurainy F (2015) Assessment of hazardous and essential elements in a food crop irrigated with municipal sewage water: Risk appraisal for public health. Hum Ecol Risk Assess Int J 21(8):2126–2136
Khan ZI, Ahmad K, Rehman S, Siddique S, Bashir H, Zafar A, Sohail M, Ali SA, Cazzato E, De Mastro G (2017) Health risk assessment of heavy metals in wheat using different water qualities: implication for human health. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24(1):947–955
Khurana M, Singh P (2012) Waste water use in crop production: a review. Resour Environ 2(4):116–131
Kiliccedil H (2010) The effect of planting methods on yield and yield components of irrigated spring durum wheat varieties. Sci Res Essays 5(20):3063–3069
Korostynska O, Mason A, Al-Shamma’a A (2012) Monitoring of nitrates and phosphates in wastewater: current technologies and further challenges. Int J Smart Sens Intell Syst 5(1):149–176
Lavado RS, Rodríguez M, Alvarez R, Taboada MA, Zubillaga MS (2007) Transfer of potentially toxic elements from biosolid-treated soils to maize and wheat crops. Agric Ecosyst Environ 118(1-4):312–318
Li X, Ziadi N, Bélanger G, Cai Z, Xu H (2011) Cadmium accumulation in wheat grain as affected by mineral N fertilizer and soil characteristics. Can J Soil Sci 91(4):521–531
Li Y, Zhu G, Tan SK, Ng WJ (2014) A review on removing pharmaceutical contaminants from wastewater by constructed wetlands: design, performance and mechanism. Sci Total Environ 468:908–932
Liu XL, Zhang SZ (2007) Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and arsenate on early seedling growth and metal uptake by wheat. J Environ Sci 19(10):1221–1227
Ma SC, Zhang HB, Ma ST, Wang GX, Wang R (2015) Effects of mine wastewater irrigation on activities of soil enzymes and physiological properties, heavy metal uptake and grain yield in winter wheat. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 113:483–490
Matraszek R, Hawrylak-Nowak B, Chwil S, Chwil M (2016) Macronutrient composition of nickel-treated wheat under different sulfur concentrations in the nutrient solution. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23(6):5902–5914
Mohammad MJ, Ayadi M (2004) Forage yield and nutrient uptake as influenced by secondary treated wastewater. J Plant Nutr 27(2):351–365
Mojid MA, Wyseure GCL, Biswas SK (2016) Effects of municipal wastewater irrigation on yield and fertilizer requirement of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Bangladesh. Agriculturists 14(1):1–14
Mousavi SR, Galavi M, Eskandari H (2013) Effects of treated municipal wastewater on fluctuation trend of leaf area index and quality of maize (Zea mays). Water Sci Technol 67(4):797–802
Nan Z, Li J, Zhang J, Cheng G (2002) Cadmium and zinc interactions and their transfer in soil-crop system under actual field conditions. Sci Total Environ 285(1-3):187–195
Pask A, Pietragalla J, Mullan D, Reynolds M (2012) Physiological breeding II: a field guide to wheat phenotyping. CIMMYT, Mexico
Pedler JF, Kinraide TB, Parker DR (2004) Zinc rhizotoxicity in wheat and radish is alleviated by micromolar levels of magnesium and potassium in solution culture. Plant Soil 259(1-2):191–199
Pedrero F, Alarcon JJ (2009) Effects of treated wastewater irrigation on lemon trees. Desalination 246(1): 631–639
Pendias H (1992) Trace Elements in Soils and Plants. CRC Press, London, p 36
Plum LM, Rink L, Haase H (2010) The essential toxin: impact of zinc on human health. Int J Environ Res Public Health 7(4):1342–1365
Rowe DR, Abdel-Magid IM (1995) Handbook of wastewater reclamation and reuse. CRC press, Taylor and Franics Group, Boca Raton
Salakinkop SR, Hunshal CS (2014) Domestic sewage irrigation on dynamics of nutrients and heavy metals in soil and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult 3:1–11
Santa-Maria GE, Cogliatti DH (1998) The regulation of zinc uptake in wheat plants. Plant Sci 137(1):1–12
Scott CA, Faruqui NI, Raschid L (2004) Wastewater use in irrigated agriculture: Management challenges in developing countries. Wastewater use in irrigated agriculture: confronting the livelihood and environmental realities. CABI Publishing, Oxfordshire
Si W, Ji W, Yang F, Lv Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y (2011) The function of constructed wetland in reducing the risk of heavy metals on human health. Environ Monit Assess 181(1-4):531–537
Si W, Liu J, Cai L, Jiang H, Zheng C, He X, Wang J, Zhang X (2015) Health risks of metals in contaminated farmland soils and spring wheat irrigated with Yellow River water in Baotou, China. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 94:214–219
Singh A, Sharma RK, Agrawal M (2010) Health risk assessment of heavy metals via dietary intake of foodstuffs from the wastewater irrigated site of a dry tropical area of India. Food Chem Toxicol 48(2):611–619
Soltanpour PA, Schwab A (1977) A new soil test for simultaneous extraction of macro and micro-nutrients in alkaline soils. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 8(3):195–207
Sperotto RA, Ricachenevsky FK, Waldow VD, Fett JP (2012) Iron biofortification in rice: It’s a long way to the top. Plant Sci 190:24–39
Uchida R (2000) Essential nutrients for plant growth: nutrient functions and deficiency symptoms. In: Silva JA, Uchida R (eds) Plant Nutrient Management in Hawaii’s Soils, Approaches for Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Manoa, pp 31–55
ur Rehman MZ, Khalid H, Akmal F, Ali S, Rizwan M (2017) Effect of limestone, lignite and biochar applied alone and combined on cadmium uptake in wheat and rice under rotation in an effluent irrigated field. Environ Pollut 227:560–568
Urbano VR, Mendonça TG, Bastos RG (2017) Effects of treated wastewater irrigation on soil properties and lettuce yield. Agric Water Manag 181:108–115
USEPA-IRIS (2006) United States, Environmental Protection Agency, Integrated risk information system
Van Hamme JD, Singh A, Ward OP (2003) Recent advances in petroleum microbiology. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 67(4):503–549
Vymazal J (2011) Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment: five decades of experience. Environ Sci Technol 45(1):61–69
Waheed H, Ilyas N, Raja NI, Mahmood T, Ali Z (2019) Heavy metal phyto-accumulation in leafy vegetables irrigated with municipal wastewater and human health risk repercussions. Int J Phytoremediation 21(2):170–179
Zavadil J (2009) The effect of municipal wastewater irrigation on the yield and quality of vegetables and crops. Soil Water Res 4(3):91–103
Zeng X, Wang Z, Wang J, Guo J, Chen X, Zhuang J (2015) Health risk assessment of heavy metals via dietary intake of wheat grown in Tianjin sewage irrigation area. Ecotoxicology 24(10):2115–2124
Zohary D, Hopf M, Weiss E (2012) Domestication of Plants in the Old World: The origin and spread of domesticated plants in Southwest Asia, Europe, and the Mediterranean Basin. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Gangrong Shi
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary information
ESM 1
(XLSX 14 kb).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Akbar, S., Ali, Z., Hussain, S. et al. Metal accumulation potential, human health risks, and yield attributes of hundred bread wheat genotypes on irrigation with municipal and remediated wastewater. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 35023–35037 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13085-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13085-4