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Introducing an Organic Hole Transporting Material as a Bilayer to Improve the Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells

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Abstract

Although perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved high power conversion efficiency (PCE) by utilizing 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N′-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-Spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) as hole transporting material (HTM), the reproducibility and stability of PSCs are still a pressing concern. Herein, we introduced a solvent processed organic-organic bilayer based on 2-(4-(7-(9,9-dimethylacridin-10(9H)-yl)-9,9-diethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole (AFpPPI) and Spiro-OMeTAD in layer to layer as HTM in PSCs. The devices configured with AFpPPI/Spiro-OMeTAD bilayer achieved a maximum PCE of 19.9% in mesoporous-TiO2 (mp-TiO2) structure with perovskite absorber of Cs0.05Rb0.05(FAPbI3)0.76 (MAPbBr3)0.14. The properties of the bilayer structure were analyzed with steady-state photoluminescence, ultra-violet photoelectron and impedance spectroscopy. The AFpPPI/Spiro-OMeTAD improved open-circuit voltage (Voc) by lowering the quasi-Fermi energy level for holes and reducing the charge recombination, resulting in high Voc (1.14 V in the champion cell) and high fill factor (FF) that lead to high PCE. The addition of AFpPPI layer improves the quality of Spiro-OMeTAD and provides pinhole-free film. Moreover, the stability is improved in controlled temperature and humid conditions. This work affords a new approach for commercial applications of PSCs with better stability.

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Author notes

  1. V. M. A and H. Y. Park contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea

    Veera Murugan Arivunithi, Ho-Yeol Park, Saripally Sudhaker Reddy, Yeongju Do, Hyungjin Park & Sung-Ho Jin

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea

    Eun-Sol Shin & Yong-Young Noh

  3. Advanced Functional Thin Films Department Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), 797 Changwondaero, Gyeongnam, 51508, Korea

    Myungkwan Song

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  1. Veera Murugan Arivunithi
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Correspondence to Myungkwan Song or Sung-Ho Jin.

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Acknowledgment: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF-2019R1A2B5B03100048) of the Ministry of Science and ICT.

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Arivunithi, V.M., Park, HY., Reddy, S.S. et al. Introducing an Organic Hole Transporting Material as a Bilayer to Improve the Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. Macromol. Res. 29, 149–156 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13233-021-9020-9

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