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A Methodology to Identify the Releasing of the Amide-Containing β-Glucan from the Usnea Lichen: A Spectroscopic Study

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Abstract

Polymer fractions from a biological matrix have been well-characterized by vibrational spectroscopy, XPS, CP/MAS 13C NMR, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, thermal analysis, and SEM, and all the results had corroborated for the chemical extraction of β-glucan polymers grafted amino groups by peptide bonds (namely NH2-β-glucan) as well as a cyclic oligosaccharide. Our primary purpose was to explore the polysaccharide extraction parameters in the sample of Usnea lichen, mainly in terms of extraction time and concentration of the extractive alkaline solution, to investigate the chemical characterization of the polysaccharide fractions. The low-cost methodology adopted in this work was able to extract the materials of interest with the expected efficiency without the significant impact of chemicals on the environment. The chemical extraction of an NH2-bonded biopolymer can be a very interesting material for many applications since chemical functionalization is crucial to introducing specific properties for developing new materials. In this regard, the cyclic β-glucan described as a very porous material is highly desirable for various applications in the biomedical, biotechnological, and environmental areas.

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Acknowledgements

R. F. Fernandes and M. L. A. Temperini are indebted to FAPESP (Grant Nos. 2018/25422-9 and 2016/21070-5) for financial support. M.L.A. Temperini is also indebted to the CNPq fellowship. The authors would like to acknowledge the “Laboratório de Sólidos Lamelares” (Prof. Dr. Vera R. L. Constantino and Msc. Vagner R. Magri, Chemistry Institute of São Paulo University) for supporting the experiments of the purification process and Prof. dr. Adriano A. Spielmann for collecting the lichen sample. The authors also thank Prof. dr. Rodrigo G. Lacerda (Federal University of Minas Gerais) for all discussions and advice.

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  1. Fundamental Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil

    Rafaella F. Fernandes & Marcia L. A. Temperini

  2. São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil

    Gustavo A. S. Alves & Renato V. Gonçalves

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  1. Rafaella F. Fernandes
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Fernandes, R.F., Alves, G.A.S., Gonçalves, R.V. et al. A Methodology to Identify the Releasing of the Amide-Containing β-Glucan from the Usnea Lichen: A Spectroscopic Study. J Polym Environ 29, 3105–3115 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-021-02104-7

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