Abstract
We assessed the short-term viability and recovery of zooplankton communities after exposure to glyphosate (active ingredient—a.i.). We conducted a hatching experiment in two steps: Step 1—natural lake sediments containing resting egg banks were placed into individual trays and exposed to a solution medium of glyphosate at three different treatments (LD = Values below the detection limits, LD < 0.05, 0.44, and 0.89 mg a.i./L) for 14 days; and Step 2—we replaced the exposure solution of glyphosate with distilled freshwater, keeping them all trays under freshwater conditions for another 14 day. The results from Step 1 showed significant effects of glyphosate on the emergence patterns of resting eggs, with a reduction in hatching of rotifers, mainly at concentrations of 0.44 and 0.89 mg a.i./L. On the other hand, the results from Step 2 showed an increase in the emergence of viable eggs for rotifers after restoration of freshwater conditions in all treatments; there was no effect for total zooplankton and microcrustaceans. These findings suggest that (i) glyphosate may, effectively, impair zooplankton hatching from resting egg banks; (ii) the magnitude of the negative effects depends on the the zooplanktonic group considered; and (iii) the restoration of freshwater conditions may, in some way, allow the recovery of the zooplankton community from viable egg banks. Our results can be useful in predicting the influence of glyphosate on the distribution patterns of freshwater zooplankton, which can represent vital information for environmental managers.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to National Program for Post Doctoral of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (PNPD/CAPES) for the scholarship to JLP (process number 88882.317747/2013-01). The authors also would like to thank the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (proc. 2014/22952-6) and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (proc. 432172/2016-5) for financial support and a research grant to CCZB (proc. 306567/2014-8). We are grateful to the anonymous referees for giving valuable comments on the manuscript.
Funding
JLP was funded by National Program for Post Doctoral of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (PNPD/CAPES)—process number 88882. 317747/2013-01, addressed to postdoctoral fellowship in the Biosciences Graduate Program at São Paulo State University (UNESP).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by JLP and HNO. The first draft of the manuscript was written by JLP and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Portinho, J.L., Oliveira, H.N. & Branco, C.C.Z. Resting egg banks can facilitate recovery of zooplankton communities after short exposure to glyphosate. Ecotoxicology 30, 492–501 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-021-02371-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-021-02371-z