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Approaching precision medicine by tailoring the microbiota

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Abstract

Accumulating evidence has revealed the link between the microbiota and various human diseases. Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have identified some consistent disease-associated microbial features, leading to the emerging concept of microbiome-based therapeutics. However, it is also becoming clear that there are considerable variations in the microbiota among patients with the same disease. Variations in the microbial composition and function contribute to substantial differences in metabolic status of the host via production of a myriad of biochemically and functionally different microbial metabolites. Indeed, compelling evidence indicates that individuality of the microbiome may result in individualized responses to microbiome-based therapeutics and other interventions. Mechanistic understanding of the role of the microbiota in diseases and drug metabolism would help us to identify causal relationships and thus guide the development of microbiome-based precision or personalized medicine. In this review, we provide an overview of current efforts to use microbiome-based interventions for the treatment of diseases such as cancer, neurological disorders, and diabetes to approach precision medicine.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Rosie Perkins for editing the manuscript. This work is supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2020R1C1C1003241) and by POSCO Science Fellowship of POSCO TJ Park Foundation.

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  1. Gaeun Ryu and Hyojin Kim have contributed equally.

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  1. Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea

    Gaeun Ryu, Hyojin Kim & Ara Koh

  2. Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea

    Ara Koh

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Ryu, G., Kim, H. & Koh, A. Approaching precision medicine by tailoring the microbiota. Mamm Genome 32, 206–222 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00335-021-09859-3

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