Abstract
Land-use change and climatic variability are significant drivers for the loss of ecosystem services and soil quality in the prairie pothole region (PPR) wetland systems. Land-use induced changes in groundwater table and salinity may influence biogeochemical processes facilitated by extracellular enzymes (EEs) involved in soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition. The effects of changing groundwater table and salinity on β-glucosidase (BG), N-acetyl glucosaminidase (NAG), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activities were assessed in wetland soils collected from three different adjacent riparian land-use practices in the PPR. In a microcosm study conducted over ten weeks, soils were treated with groundwater salinity (control, 6 mS cm−1, and 12 mS cm−1) and declining groundwater table depths. Extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs) differed significantly (p < 0.05) among soils from different land-uses and between groundwater table depths. The impact of groundwater salinity on soil EEAs were non-significant (p > 0.05). Soil EEAs were significantly higher in soils from pasture, suggesting that the land-use effects resulted from background SOC and TN. Soil EEAs significantly (p < 0.05) reduced under a deeper groundwater table depth, except reverse for BG in site B, indicated that the lowered groundwater table could lead to transitory drought stress for SOM decomposers.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Ron Gares, Brian Bogdan, and Derek Durun from the Agroforestry Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Indian Head, SK Canada; Cierra Wallington from Applied Pedology Lab, Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, SK Canada for their help during the collection of soil cores from the field. The authors want to thank Shahrima Tahsin for her help in upholding experimental settings and collecting soil samples in the greenhouse for enzyme analysis. We also thank Min Yu from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Saskatoon, SK, for her support during the enzyme assays.
Funding
This work was financially supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant to ABH (RGPIN-2017-05909); and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) A-Base research funding to RS (LOI 1231). Also, SS received funding support from AAFC’s Research Affiliate Program. The funding agency had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, the decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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SS conceptualized; designed and performed the experiment - methodology; formal analysis and investigation; wrote original draft; reviewed and edited the manuscript. BH contributed to methodology - enzyme analysis; resources; reviewed and edited the manuscript. RS contributed to funding acquisition; resources; reviewed and edited the manuscript. ABH contributed to supervision; resources; funding acquisition; reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Highlights
• Wetland riparian zone land-use practices significantly impacted soil EEAs
• Land-use effects ranked PA > AC = SRW resulted from background SOC and TN in soil
• Elevated groundwater salinity decreased soil EEAs, but not significantly
• EEAs censored with declined water table showing the drying effects in soil
• Shallow groundwater table fluctuation has a significant impact on soil EEAs
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Shahariar, S., Helgason, B., Soolanayakanahally, R. et al. Soil Enzyme Activity as Affected by Land-Use, Salinity, and Groundwater Fluctuations in Wetland Soils of the Prairie Pothole Region. Wetlands 41, 31 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-021-01431-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-021-01431-8