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Effect of Drought Stress and Different Levels of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizers on the Accumulation of Osmolytes and Chlorophyll in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Wirkung von Trockenstress und verschiedenen Stickstoff- und Kaliumdüngermengen auf die Akkumulation von Osmolyten und Chlorophyll in Reis (Oryza sativa L.)

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Abstract

Management of plant nutrition using fertilizers is an approach to deal with drought and to increase water productivity in paddies. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate the effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers and drought stress on water use efficiency (WUE) and physiological traits of Gilaneh rice in split-plot experiments based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments were irrigation intervals (flood irrigation and irrigation at 10 days) as the main factor and different levels of nitrogen (0, 60, and 120 kg ha−1) and potassium (0, 80 and 160 kg ha−1) fertilizers as a subfactor. Results showed that WUE and proline content increased by changing the moisture regime from flood irrigation to 10 days in all levels of fertilizers. The highest WUE (0.764 kg m−3) was observed in the treatment of N fertilizer of 60 kg ha−1 with 160 kg ha−1 of K fertilizer in the 10-day irrigation. The highest plant proline content (16.3 mg g−1 FW) was observed in 160 kg ha−1 of K fertilizer during 10-day irrigation. On the other hand, relative water content, chlorophyll a and b contents, carotenoids, maximum leaf area, and leaf area duration decreased with drought stress at all fertilizer levels. At the stress level, however, the application of fertilizers, in particular N fertilizer treatment, led to improvements in these traits. Given the scarcity of water resources in the country, therefore, WUE and other inputs can be improved in such strategic crops as rice with proper management of plant nutrition.

Zusammenfassung

Das Nährstoffmanagement bei Pflanzen mithilfe von Düngemitteln ist ein Ansatz zur Bewältigung von Trockenheit und zur Steigerung der Wasserproduktivität in Reisfeldern. Ziel dieser Studie war es daher, die Auswirkungen von Stickstoff- und Kaliumdüngern und Trockenstress auf die Wassernutzungseffizienz (water use efficiency, WUE) und physiologischen Eigenschaften von Gilaneh-Reis in Split-Plot-Experimenten zu untersuchen, die auf einem randomisierten vollständigen Blockdesign mit drei Wiederholungen basieren. Die experimentellen Behandlungen umfassten Bewässerungsintervalle (Flutbewässerung und Bewässerung an 10 Tagen) als Hauptfaktor und unterschiedliche Stickstoff- (0, 60 und 120 kg ha−1) und Kaliumdüngermengen (0, 80 und 160 kg ha−1) als Subfaktor. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die WUE und der Prolingehalt durch die Änderung des Bewässerungsregimes von Flutbewässerung auf 10-Tage-Bewässerung bei allen Düngermengen zunahmen. Die höchste WUE (0,764 kg m−3) wurde bei der Behandlung mit N‑Dünger von 60 kg ha−1 und 160 kg ha−1 K‑Dünger bei der 10-tägigen Bewässerung beobachtet. Der höchste Prolingehalt (16,3 mg g−1 FW) wurde bei 160 kg ha−1 K‑Dünger während der 10-tägigen Bewässerung beobachtet. Andererseits nahmen der relative Wassergehalt, der Chlorophyll-a- und -b-Gehalt, die Carotinoide, die maximale Blattfläche und die Blattflächendauer mit zunehmendem Trockenstress bei allen Düngemittelmengen ab. Unter Trockenstressbedingungen führte jedoch die Anwendung von Düngemitteln, insbesondere die N‑Düngung, zu Verbesserungen bei diesen Merkmalen. In Anbetracht der knappen Wasserressourcen im Land können daher die WUE und andere Merkmale in solchen strategischen Kulturen wie Reis mit einem angemessenen Nährstoffmanagement verbessert werden.

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Correspondence to Naser Mohammadian Roshan.

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Rabiei, Z., Mohammadian Roshan, N., Sadeghi, S.M. et al. Effect of Drought Stress and Different Levels of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizers on the Accumulation of Osmolytes and Chlorophyll in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Gesunde Pflanzen 73, 287–296 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-021-00550-w

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