Abstract
The rising energy demand and the decline of fossil fuel usage is calling for alternative, sustainable energies such as microbial fuel cells. Here, we review the electricigens and microbial fuel cells for power production, removal and recovery of metals from effluents, microbial desalination and hydrogen production. We present principles and applications using both double- and single-chambered microbial fuel cells. Advantages versus actual energy technologies include no discharge of polluting gases such as SOx, NOx, CO2 and CO.
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Abbreviations
- ADP:
-
Adenosine 5′-diphosphate
- AEM:
-
Anion exchange membrane
- Ag:
-
Silver
- ANB:
-
Acid navy blue R
- AO7:
-
Acid orange 7
- AQDS:
-
Anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate
- ATP:
-
Adenosine 5′ tri-phosphate
- Au:
-
Gold
- BMFC:
-
Benthic microbial fuel cell
- BOD:
-
Bilirubin oxidase
- BOD:
-
Biochemical oxygen demand
- BPM:
-
Bipolar membrane
- BUG:
-
Benthic unattended generator
- C:
-
Carbon
- CCD:
-
Cyclic charging–discharging
- CD:
-
Current density
- CE:
-
Coulombic efficiency
- CEM:
-
Cation exchange membrane
- CN:
-
Cyanide
- CNF:
-
Carbon nanofiber
- CO2 :
-
Carbon dioxide
- COD:
-
Chemical oxygen demand
- CoTMPP:
-
Cobalt tetra methoxy phenyl porphyrin
- CTC:
-
C-Type cytochromes
- CV:
-
Cyclic voltammetry
- CW-MFC:
-
Constructed wetland microbial fuel cell
- DET:
-
Direct electron transfer
- DMSO:
-
Dimethyl sulfoxide
- DNA:
-
Deoxyribonucleic acid
- DO:
-
Dissolved oxygen
- e-:
-
Electron
- EDTA:
-
Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid
- EIS:
-
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
- ETC:
-
Electron transport chain
- ETT:
-
Extracellular electron transport
- FAD:
-
Flavin adenine dinucleotide
- Fe(OH)3 :
-
Ferric hydroxide
- Fe:
-
Ferrous/ferric
- Fe3O4 :
-
Magnetite
- FePc:
-
Iron (II) phthalocyanine
- Frt:
-
Ferritin
- FTIR:
-
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- GC:
-
Glassy carbon
- GO:
-
Graphene oxide
- GOx:
-
Glucose oxidase
- H2O2 :
-
Hydrogen peroxide
- H2SO4 :
-
Sulfuric acid
- HRT:
-
Hydraulic retention time
- IEM:
-
Ion exchange membrane
- k:
-
Kinetic constant
- KCl:
-
Potassium chloride
- KMnO4 :
-
Potassium permanganate
- LAC:
-
Laccases
- LBL:
-
Layer-by-layer
- LED:
-
Light-emitting diode
- LSV:
-
Linear sweep voltammetry
- MDC:
-
Microbial desalination cell
- MEC:
-
Microbial electrolysis cell
- MET:
-
Mediated electron transfer
- MFC:
-
Microbial fuel cell
- MFM:
-
Micro filtration membrane
- Mn:
-
Manganese
- MnO:
-
Manganese oxide
- MnOOH:
-
Manganite
- MNPs:
-
Modified metal nanoparticles
- MO:
-
Methyl orange
- MWCNT:
-
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes
- MWTP:
-
Municipal wastewater treatment plants
- N:
-
Nitrogen
- Na2HPO4 :
-
Di-sodium hydrogen phosphate
- NADH:
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen
- NaH2PO4 :
-
Sodium di-hydrogen phosphate
- NH4Cl:
-
Ammonium chloride
- NiO:
-
Nickel oxide
- NPs:
-
Nanoparticles
- O2 :
-
Oxygen
- OCV:
-
Open-circuit voltage
- PANI:
-
Polyaniline
- PbO2 :
-
Lead dioxide
- PCA:
-
Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid
- PCN + − :
-
Pyocyanin zwitterion
- PCNH+ :
-
Protonated pyocyanin
- PD:
-
Power density
- PEDOTPSS:
-
Poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly (styrene sulfonate)
- PEI:
-
Poly ethyleneimine
- PEM:
-
Proton exchange membrane
- PES:
-
Polyethersulfone
- PIn:
-
Polyindole
- PMFC:
-
Photosynthetic microbial fuel cell
- Ppy:
-
Polypyrrole
- PQQGDH:
-
Pyrroloquinolinequinine-dependent glucose dehydrogenase
- PSS:
-
Polystyrene sulfonate
- Pt:
-
Platinum
- Pth:
-
Polythiophene
- PVA:
-
Polyvinyl alcohol
- RB221:
-
Reactive blue 221
- rGO:
-
Reduced graphene oxide
- SDS:
-
Sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SGO:
-
Sulfonated graphene oxide
- SIP:
-
Stable isotope probing
- SMFC:
-
Sediment microbial fuel cells
- STM:
-
Scanning tunneling microscopy
- T II S:
-
Type II secretion system
- TiO2 :
-
Titanium oxide
- TMAO:
-
Trimethyl amine N-oxide
- UFM:
-
Ultra-filtration membrane
- VFA:
-
Volatile fatty acids
- XRD:
-
X-ray diffraction
- ZnO:
-
Zinc oxide
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The figures were created and exported using paid subscription from BioRender.com. We are thankful to Dr. Nishant Joshi, from School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, India, and Dr. Deepika Chauhan from Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA, for their support in the study.
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Verma, J., Kumar, D., Singh, N. et al. Electricigens and microbial fuel cells for bioremediation and bioenergy production: a review. Environ Chem Lett 19, 2091–2126 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01199-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01199-7