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Implementing Exploratory Mediation to Clarify the Nonsuicidal Self-Injury – Suicidality Connection

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Abstract

NSSI is a robust predictor of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Despite this close link, there is a lack of information regarding specific behavioral and psychological features of NSSI that may influence, or serve as drivers, of these relationships. Consequently, the aim of the current study was to elucidate the specific NSSI-related mechanisms that may confer risk for suicide ideation and suicide attempts. Participants having a lifetime history of NSSI (N = 659) were included in the current study and completed a series of online questionnaires. Exploratory mediation analysis was utilized to simultaneously examine 28 behavioral and psychological NSSI features as potential mechanisms of the NSSI-suicide ideation and NSSI-suicide attempt relationships. Results identified 11 NSSI features as having non-zero specific indirect effects in the NSSI-suicide ideation relationship, with the antisuicide function of NSSI having the strongest influence. In examining the NSSI-suicide attempt relationship 12 NSSI features were identified as having non-zero specific indirect effects, with endorsement of swallowing dangerous substances as an NSSI method having the strongest influence. These findings suggest psychological and behavioral features of NSSI may differentially impact risk for suicide ideation and suicide attempts, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Corbett Family Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46656, USA

    Caitlin M. O’Loughlin, Yeonsoo Park & Brooke A. Ammerman

  2. Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA

    Demi Culianos & Sarfaraz Serang

Authors
  1. Caitlin M. O’Loughlin
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  2. Demi Culianos
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  3. Yeonsoo Park
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  4. Sarfaraz Serang
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  5. Brooke A. Ammerman
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Contributions

BA lead study conception and design with input from all authors. DC and SS completed data analysis and associated manuscript sections. CO, YP, and BA drafted the remaining manuscript. All author contributed to and approved of the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Caitlin M. O’Loughlin.

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Caitlin M. O’Loughlin, Demi Culianos, Yeonsoo Park, Sarfaraz Serang, Brooke A. Ammerman claim they have no conflict of interest.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee ([blinded for review] University Institution Review Board, protocol # 23990) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individuals. This study was approved by the University of Notre Dame Institutional Review Board.

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O’Loughlin, C.M., Culianos, D., Park, Y. et al. Implementing Exploratory Mediation to Clarify the Nonsuicidal Self-Injury – Suicidality Connection. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 43, 206–215 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-020-09850-3

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