Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Extremely Sensitive Photonic Crystal Fiber–Based Cancer Cell Detector in the Terahertz Regime

  • Published:
Plasmonics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A new photonic crystal fiber (PCF)–based, hollow-core, optical waveguide is proposed and numerically investigated to quickly identify numerous species of cancerous cells in the human body. Typical and cancerous cells have different refractive indices (RIs), and via this characteristic, the other important optical parameters are evaluated. The guiding properties of this proposed cancer cell sensor are analyzed in the COMSOL Multiphysics environment which used the finite element method as mathematical tool to solve differential equations. Furthermore, to ensure the highest simulation accuracy, extremely fine mesh elements are introduced. The simulation studies confirm that the proposed sensor, at 2.5 THz, achieves an extremely high relative sensitivity of almost 98% with negligible loss (< 0.025 dB/cm). Furthermore, a high numerical aperture (NA) and spot size, with low modal area, enhance the propagation characteristics of the sensor to a new height. The sensor’s physical structure is very simple so that it can be easily fabricated with modern fabrication technology. Thus, it seems that this sensor will open a new door in the field of detecting and diagnosing different cancer cells.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

Availability of Data and Materials

The proposed sensor is numerically investigated by COMSOL simulation software.

References

  1. Dash JN, Jha R (2014) Graphene-based birefringent photonic crystal fiber sensor using surface plasmon resonance. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 26(11):1092–1095. https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2014.2315233

  2. Lehmann H, Brueckner S, Kobelke J, Schwotzer G, Schuster K, Willsch R (2005) Toward photonic crystal fiber based distributed chemosensors. In Proc. SPIE 5855, 17th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.623667

  3. Eid MMA, Habib MA, Anower MS et al (2020) Highly sensitive nonlinear photonic crystal fiber based sensor for chemical sensing applications. Microsyst Technol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00542-020-05019-w

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Lu Y, Wang MT, Hao CJ, Zhao ZQ, Yao JQ (2014) Temperature sensing using photonic crystal fiber filled with silver nanowires and liquid. IEEE Photonics J 6(3):1–7. Art no. 6801307. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2014.2319086

  5. Lee C, Radhakrishnan R, Chen C, Li J, Thillaigovindan J, Balasubramanian N (2008) Design and modeling of a nanomechanical sensor using silicon photonic crystals. J Lightwave Technol 26(7):839–846. https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2007.915273

  6. Robinson S, Nakkeeran R (2012) Photonic crystal based sensor for sensing the salinity of seawater. In IEEE-International Conference On Advances In Engineering, Science And Management (ICAESM -2012), Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, pp 495–499

  7. Habib MA (2020) A refractive index based micro-structured sensor for blood components detection in terahertz regime. Sens Lett 18(1):74–82

  8. Kurt H, Citrin DS (2005) New approaches in biochemical sensing using photonic crystals in the terahertz region. In 2005 Joint 30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves and 13th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics, vol 1. Williamsburg, VA, USA, pp 36–37. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIMW.2005.1572394

  9. Zhao Y, Nakamura H, Gordon RJ (2010) Development of a versatile two-photon endoscope for biological imaging. Biomed Opt Express 1:1159–1172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Race CM, Kwon L, Cunningham BT (2016) Achieving uniformity and reproducibility for photonic crystal fluorescence enhanced disease diagnostic microarrays. In 2016 IEEE SENSORS, Orlando, FL, pp 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2016.7808961

  11. Ayyanar N, Thavasi Raja G, Sharma M, Sriram Kumar D (2018) Photonic crystal fiber-based refractive index sensor for early detection of cancer. IEEE Sens J 18(17):7093–7099. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2018.2854375

  12. Ahasan Habib M, Shamim Anower M, Rabiul Hasan M (2018) Highly birefringent and low effective material loss microstructure fiber for THz wave guidance. Opt Commun 423:140–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2018.04.022

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Cooper K, Squires H, Carroll C, Papaioannou D, Booth A, Logan RF, Maguire C, Hind D, Tappenden P (2010) Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer: systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 14(32):1–206

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. https://www.cancercenter.com/diagnosing-cancer/lab-tests. Accessed 18 Oct 2020

  15. Dressing GE, Thomas P (2007) Identification of membrane progestin receptors in human breast cancer cell lines and biopsies and their potential involvement in breast cancer. Steroids 72(2):111–116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Tajima K, Obata Y, Tamaki H, Yoshida M, Chen YT, Scanlan MJ, Old LJ, Kuwano H, Takahashi T, Takahashi T, Mitsudomi T (2003) Expression of cancer/testis (CT) antigens in lung cancer. Lung Cancer 42(1):23-33

  17. Glunde K, Bhujwalla ZM (2011) Metabolic tumor imaging using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Semin Oncol 38(1):26–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Furusawa Y, Fujiwara Y, Campbell P, Zhao Q-L, Ogawa R, Ali Hassan M et al (2012) DNA double-strand breaks induced by cavitational mechanical effects of ultrasound in cancer cell lines. PLoS One 7(1):e29012. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029012

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Habib MA, Anower MS, Abdulrazak LF, Reza MS (2019) Hollow core photonic crystal fiber for chemical identification in terahertz regime. Opt Fiber Technol 52:101933

  20. Reza MS, Habib MA (2020) Extremely sensitive chemical sensor for terahertz regime based on a hollow-core photonic crystal fibre. Ukr J Phys Opt 21:8–14. https://doi.org/10.3116/16091833/21/1/8/2020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Morshed M, Hassan MI, Roy TK, Uddin MS, Razzak SMA (2015) Microstructure core photonic crystal fiber for gas sensing applications. Appl Opt 54:8637–8643

  22. Jabin MA, Ahmed K, Rana MJ, Paul BK, Islam M, Vigneswaran D, Uddin MS (2019) Surface plasmon resonance based titanium coated biosensor for cancer cell detection. IEEE Photonics J 11(4):1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Mollah MA, Usha RJ, Tasnim S et al (2020) Detection of cancer affected cell using Sagnac interferometer based photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor. Opt Quant Electron 52:421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02542-y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Habib MA, Vera ER, Aristizabal JCV, Anower MS (2020) Numerical modelling of a rectangular hollow core waveguide for the detection of fuel adulteration in terahertz region. Fibers 8(10):1–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Kazla, 6204, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

    Ahasan Habib

  2. Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, 32951, Egypt

    Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed

  3. Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

    Hazem M. El-Hageen & Aadel M. Alatwi

  4. Egyptian Nuclear & Radiological Regulatory Authority, Cairo, Egypt

    Hazem M. El-Hageen

Authors
  1. Ahasan Habib
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hazem M. El-Hageen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Aadel M. Alatwi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Conceptualization, Md. Ahasan Habib, Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed. Data curation, formal analysis, investigation, Md. Ahasan Habib, Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed. Methodology, Md. Ahasan Habib, Hazem M. El-Hageen, Aadel M. Alatwi. Resources, software, Md. Ahasan Habib, Hazem M. El-Hageen, Aadel M. Alatwi. Supervision, validation, Md. Ahasan Habib, Hazem M. El-Hageen, Aadel M. Alatwi, Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed. Visualization, writing—original draft, Md. Ahasan Habib, Hazem M. El-Hageen, Aadel M. Alatwi, Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed. Writing—review editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed.

Ethics declarations

Ethics Approval

The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that the descriptions are accurate and agreed by all authors.

Consent to Participate

The authors have contributed in multiple roles.

Consent for Publication

The authors have the opportunity with agreement to share an accurate and detailed description of their diverse contributions for publication in this journal.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This manuscript has not been published yet and not even under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Habib, A., Rashed, A.N.Z., El-Hageen, H.M. et al. Extremely Sensitive Photonic Crystal Fiber–Based Cancer Cell Detector in the Terahertz Regime. Plasmonics 16, 1297–1306 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-021-01409-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-021-01409-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation