Abstract
Examination of the original descriptions and available type specimens of nominal species previously regarded as synonyms of Stolephorus indicus (van Hasselt 1823) and Stolephorus commersonnii Lacepède 1803, plus a large number of non-type specimens representing an extensive geographic range, confirmed the validity of Stolephorus balinensis (Bleeker 1849), S. commersonnii, S. indicus, Stolephorus rex Jordan and Seale 1926, and Stolephorus scitulus (Fowler 1911), in addition to three new species, Stolephorus belaerius sp. nov., Stolephorus mercurius sp. nov., and Stolephorus zephyrus sp. nov. Diagnoses and detailed color descriptions are given for all of the valid species, with neotype designations for S. balinensis, S. commersonnii, and S. indicus, and clarification of their taxonomic history. Two mitochondrial markers (cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I genes) enabled the reconstruction of the phylogenetic relationships of five of the species examined morphologically, the genetic distinctiveness of each being indicated by at least 2.4% mean p-distance divergence from the others in the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene.
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Acknowledgements
We thank M. McGrouther, A. Hay, and S. Reader (AMS), M. Sabaj (ANSP), K.-T. Shao and S.-P. Huang (ASIZP), O. Crimmen and J. Maclaine (BMNH), A. Suzumoto (BPBM), H. Endo (BSKU), D. Catania and M. Hoang (CAS), S. Kimura (FRLM), D. Golani (HUJ), M. Yamada (Kagoshima City Aquarium Foundation), K. Koeda and A. Koeda (Kuroshio Biological Research Foundation), K. Hartel (MCZ), R. Causse, P. Pruvost, Z. Gabsi, and J. Pfilger (MNHN), Haryono (MZB), Y. Iwatsuki (MUFS), H.-C. Ho (NMMB), A. Murase and R. Miki (Nobeoka Marine Science Station, Field Science Center, University of Miyazaki), K. Matsuura, G. Shinohara, M. Nakae, and K. Kuriiwa (NSMT), B. Russell, M. Hammer and G. Dally (NTM), W.-J. Chen and M. Lin (NTUM), K. Miyamoto and T. Yoshino (OCF), E. Dondorp (RMNH), O. Gon, R. Bills, M. Dwani, N. Mgibantaka and N. Mazungula (SAIAB), T. Yoshida and S. Tashiro (SNFR), N. Muto (Tokai University), and J. Williams, K. Murphy, S. Raredon, and D. Pitassy (USNM) for opportunities to examine specimens of Stolephorus. We also thank Y. Haraguchi, M. Itou, M. Takayama, and other volunteers, and students of KAUM for curatorial assistance, and G. Hardy (Ngunguru, New Zealand) for reading the manuscript and providing help with English. This study was supported in part by the Sasakawa Scientific Research Grant from the Japan Science Society (28-745); a Grant-in-Aid from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science for JSPS Fellows (DC2: 29-6652); JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 19K23691, JP23580259, JP26450265, and 20H03311; the JSPS Core-to-Core Program: B Asia-Africa Science Platforms; the “Biological Properties of Biodiversity Hotspots in Japan” project of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan; and “Establishment of Glocal Research and Education Network in the Amami Islands” project of Kagoshima University adopted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. Malaysian specimens were collected during the JSPS Asian Core Program, “Establishment of Research and Education Network on Coastal Marine Science in Southeast Asia”, supported by the Ministry of Higher Education (Government of Malaysia), University Putra Malaysia, and University Malaysia Terengganu. Vietnamese specimens were collected with the support of the Institute of Marine Environment and Resources (Haiphone) and the Ha Long Bay Management Department (Ha Long), with permission for their use granted by the Biodiversity Conservation Agency, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Hanoi). SL is grateful to Mr S. Ratmuangkhwang (Andaman Coastal Research Station for Development, Kasetsart University) and Dr P. Musikasinthorn (Faculty of Fisheries, Bangkok, University Kasetsart) for organizing a fish survey in Thailand and to Drs H.-C. Ho (NMMB) and W.-J. Chen (NTUM) for sharing tissue samples. SL’s contribution was supported by a short-term research grant 304/PBIOLOGI/6315400 from Universiti Sains Malaysia. This study was conducted under a Memorandum of Agreement for joint research made by and among the Department of Agriculture of the Republic of the Philippines (DA), the University of the Philippines Visayas (UPV), the Kagoshima University Museum, the Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, and Tokai University, facilitated by S. L. Sanchez [Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR), DA]. P. J. Alcala (DA) provided a Prior Informed Consent Certificate, and I. P. Cabacaba and S. M. S. Nolasco (BFAR, DA) provided a fish specimen Export Certificate (No. 2016-39812). We thank the staff of the Office of the Vice-Chancellor for Research and Extension, UPV, and UPV Museum of Natural Sciences, College of Fisheries, UPV, including R. P. Babaran, S. S. Garibay, U. B. Alama, V. G. Urbina, L. H. Mooc, C. J. N. Rubido, E. P. Abunal, A. M. T. Guzman, R. S. Cruz, A. C. Gaje, and R. F. M. Traifalgar, and graduate students of the College of Fisheries, UPV for their support of this research collaboration.
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Hata, H., Lavoué, S. & Motomura, H. Taxonomic status of nominal species of the anchovy genus Stolephorus previously regarded as synonyms of Stolephorus commersonnii Lacepède 1803 and Stolephorus indicus (van Hasselt 1823), and descriptions of three new species (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Ichthyol Res 68, 327–372 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-020-00792-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-020-00792-0