Abstract
A 60-day feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary chromium (Cr) on carbohydrate utilization and growth performance of Labeo rohita fingerlings. Fishes were fed with four high carbohydrate (53%), isonitrogenous (crude protein 35%), and isocaloric (415 Kcal, 100 gm−1) experimental diets containing different levels of dietary chromium picolinate (Cr-Pic) viz.0, 400, 800, and 1200 μg kg−1 diet. Weight gain (WG%), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency ratio (FER), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were significantly increased at 800 μg kg−1 diet chromium supplementation (P < 0.05). Cr-Pic supplementation (800 μg kg−1) also significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the protein: DNA ratio in muscle, while DNA: RNA and DNA: tissue ratios were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased indicating higher growth. Significantly higher amylase, protease, and lipase activities were recorded in 800 μg Cr-Pic kg−1 diet fed fishes (P < 0.05), while any of the experimental groups showing no significant (P > 0.05) change in hexokinase activity, indicating normal glycolysis in all. Furthermore, significant (P < 0.05) decrease of glucose-6-phospatase activity in 800 μg Cr-Pic kg−1 diet fed group, showcasing an evidence for protein-sparing action with Cr-Pic supplementation. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher serum insulin and liver glycogen in 800 μg Cr-Pic kg−1 diet fed fishes denote an improvement in carbohydrate metabolism. However, significantly (P < 0.05) higher ATPase and SOD activities were also observed when chromium supplementation was more than 800 μg kg−1 diet, indicating stress at higher level. The present study indicates that growth and carbohydrate utilization can significantly (P < 0.05) be improved by feeding the L. rohita fingerlings with Cr-Pic (800 μg kg−1 diet) supplemented diet in laboratory condition.
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Acknowledgements
Authors are grateful to the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India for the financial support and to the Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India for providing all the facilities required for the present study.
Funding
The entire set up and experiment were funded by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi and Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai.
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Abhay Kumar Giri and Narottam Prasad Sahu: conceptualization and designing the experiment; Abhay Kumar Giri: experimental set up and execution; Abhay Kumar Giri and Gyanaranjan Dash: data analysis and manuscript writing; Narottam Prasad Sahu and Gyanaranjan Dash: editing and review of the manuscript.
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In the present study, the care and treatment of fishes were undertaken in accordance with the guidelines of the CPCSEA [(Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals), Ministry of Environment & Forests (Animal Welfare Division), Govt. of India] on care and use of animals in scientific research. The experiment was performed with approval of statutory authorities of ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India (Deemed to be University under Sec. 3 of University Grants Commission Act, 1956 and ISO 9001:2015 certified). Furthermore, as the experimental Labeo rohita fish is not an endangered fish, the provisions of the Govt. of India’s Wildlife Protection Act (1972) are not applicable for the experimentation on this fish.
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Giri, A.K., Sahu, N.P. & Dash, G. Improvement in the growth status and carbohydrate utilization of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) fingerlings with dietary supplementation of chromium picolinate. Fish Physiol Biochem 47, 599–616 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-021-00934-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-021-00934-9