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Mediterranean Pinus pinea L. nuts from Southern Hemisphere provenances

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Abstract

Stone pine nuts, the most expensive dry fruit worldwide, have been characterized mostly for the main producer countries, located in the Northern Hemisphere. A proximate composition analysis of pine nuts harvested from seven areas located in the Southern Hemisphere (Argentina, Australia, Chile and New Zealand) was performed. Pine nuts showed significant differences in dietary fiber and minerals, probably due to the different climate and environmental conditions, confirming the species’ plasticity and adaptability. Australian pine nuts showed a different profile, with the highest values for protein, lipids and ashes, and the lowest for dietary fiber. Studied pine nuts showed values comparable to the ones reported for the species in its native habitat. Results confirmed that high-quality Mediterranean pine nuts might be produced in the areas included in this study, with practical implications for stone pine cropping in non-native habitats and for the later marketing of pine nuts.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to institutional guideline, but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

Authors thank Rod McDougall for providing Walker stone pine seeds, and Pinoli Ltd. for sharing chemical composition analyses of New Zealand grown pine nuts.

Funding

This work was supported by Fondo de Fomento al Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Grant no. D11I1134). Program “Development and contributions for the use of high-value forest and fruit-forest species for Chile”, supported by the Chilean Ministry of Agriculture, funded statistical analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chilean Forest Institute (INFOR), Sucre 2397, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile

    Verónica Loewe-Muñoz

  2. Ben Franklin Centre, Subiaco, PO Box 27, Perth, WA, 6008, Australia

    David Noel

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  1. Verónica Loewe-Muñoz
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Correspondence to Verónica Loewe-Muñoz.

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Loewe-Muñoz, V., Noel, D. Mediterranean Pinus pinea L. nuts from Southern Hemisphere provenances. Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei 32, 181–189 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-021-00980-8

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