Abstract
Results of the continuous monitoring of the Naroch lake system, which includes eutrophic Lake Batorino, mesotrophic Lake Myastro, and oligomesotrophic Lake Naroch, have been used to study the factors that largely affect the long-term dynamics of the lakes ecosystem under variable nutrient loading. A set of continuous series of average seasonal values of eight parameters from each ecosystem over 1978–2015 is analyzed using the SSA and PCA methods. The second principal component (F2), which contributes 15.3, 20.5, and 22.1% to the dynamics of the ecosystems of lakes Myastro, Batorino, and Naroch, respectively, is associated with three parameters that reflect the processes of formation and decomposition of the organic matter. A comparison of the periods of the dominant cyclical components of principal component F2 and related ecosystem parameters allows us to interpret the second main factor behind these components as activity from solar radiation.
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Notes
Solar cycles are the periodic changes in the solar activity (Vitinskii et al., 1986; Haigh, 2007). Visually, changes in the Sun’s activity are manifested through a change in the number of sunspots; therefore, a quantitative evaluation of the solar activity most commonly employs the Wolf number averaged through a year W = k(f +10g), where f is the number of observed sunspots, g is the number of observed groups of sunspots, and k is a scale factor (depending on the observer and the tool (telescope)). The most discernible is the 11-year cycle (Schwabe cycle, or Schwabe-Wolf’s cycle). The term 11-year cycle is conventional; its length varied between 7 and 17 years over the 18th–20th century and was closer to 10.5 years in the 20th century. Two 11-year cycles have to elapse for the magnetic field of the Sun to return to its initial state in the course of changes; therefore, another cycle of 22-year periodicity has been established (identified). (Hale cycle). The 11-year cycles are numbered beginning from the minimum of 1755. The period considered herewith falls on the 21–24 cycles. Cycles of other durations exist.
Value of 7.4 years differs from the one indicated in Table 1 (10–11 years). The diversion may be explained by complexity and roughness of estimates of different water budget items of Lake Naroch, which could have been made in different years. This circumstance is not essential for the present study.
Turnover rate of suspended organic matter in a season is 16 times in Lake Batorino and 10 times in Lake Naroch.
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Funding
This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 18-54-00003; Belarus Republican Foundation for Basic Research, project B18Р-095; and was a part of government-procured topic no. АААА-А19-119020690091-0.
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Kazantseva, T.I., Adamovich, B.V., Mikheeva, T.M. et al. Contribution of Solar Radiation to the Long-Term Dynamics of Hydro-Ecological Parameters of Lake Ecosystems under Variable Nutrient Loading: Case Study on Naroch Lakes. Contemp. Probl. Ecol. 14, 11–19 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425521010042
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425521010042