Negative-emissions technology portfolios to meet the 1.5 °C target

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102238Get rights and content
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Highlights

  • Framework integrates critical aspects of feasibility, effectiveness, & side impacts.

  • Portfolios show the optimal NET mix to reach the 1.5 °C target under three scenarios.

  • Portfolios result in major trade-offs between effectiveness and side impacts.

  • When looking beyond costs, DACCS emerges as an essential technology.

  • When considering sustainability more broadly, BECCS’s role nullifies.

Abstract

Our carbon-intensive economy has led to an average temperature rise of 1 °C since pre-industrial times. As a consequence, the world has seen increasing droughts, significant shrinking of the polar ice caps, and steady sea-level rise. To stall these issues’ worsening further, we must limit global warming to 1.5 °C. In addition to the economy’s decarbonization, this endeavour requires the use of negative-emissions technologies (NETs) that remove the main greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, from the atmosphere. While techno-economic feasibility alone has driven the definition of negative-emissions solutions, NETs’ diverse, far-reaching implications demand a more holistic assessment. Here, we present a comprehensive framework, integrating NETs’ critical performance aspects of feasibility, effectiveness, and side impacts, to define the optimal technology mix within realistic outlooks. The resulting technology portfolios provide a useful new benchmark to compare carbon avoidance and removal measures and deliberately choose the best path to solve the climate emergency.

Keywords

Carbon dioxide removal
Geoengineering
Multi-criteria analysis
Prioritization
Climate change mitigation

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