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The relative importance of spatial and environmental processes in the assembly of larval Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera) communities along a transition landscape in southern Brazilian streams

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Abstract

Metacommunity structure of stream invertebrates is contingent on complex interplays between species dispersal ability, spatial extent and watershed environmental specificities. Previous studies showed that high diversity of Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera) is observed in southern Brazilian montane streams, although the knowledge of the processes driving such high diversity is poorly comprehended. In this study, we evaluated the relative contribution of environmental (in-stream and landscape) and spatial drivers to the metacommunity structure of larval Chironomidae in a watershed (N = 40 stream reaches) running across a forest–grassland transition landscape in southern Brazil. Overall, 51 taxa were recorded in the study region. We found similar contributions of the environmental (in-stream and landscape) and spatial (broad- and fine-scale spatial drivers) fractions to the metacommunity structure of larval Chironomidae. Our results suggest that environmental processes likely associated with the elevation and stream longitudinal gradients predominated in the assembly of the metacommunity structure of larval Chironomidae. Additionally, mass effects (exchange of individuals via dispersal) possibly associated with the short-range drift or flight and the contact zone between the fauna from each biome also accounted for the observed pattern. Finally, dispersal limitation associated with the spatial extent and the topographic heterogeneity of the study region likely played a minor role in the assembly of Chironomidae metacommunity structure.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Elzira Cecília Serafini Floss for granting access to the bibliographic database. We are grateful to the team of the former Laboratory of Aquatic Macroinvertebrates of the UFSM for their help in fieldwork and to the Ecology and Evolution Department of UFSM for providing logistic support to the sampling effort. CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) supported MMP with a postdoctoral fellowship (process 159829/2019-4).

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  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Av., Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil

    Melina Forgiarini Maxwell & Carla Bender Kotzian

  2. Instituto Federal Farroupilha, 2616 Vinte de Setembro St., São Vicente Do Sul, RS, 97420-000, Brazil

    Elisangela Secretti

  3. Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), 950 Unisinos Av., São Leopoldo, RS, 93022-750, Brazil

    Mateus Marques Pires

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  1. Melina Forgiarini Maxwell
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Contributions

CBK conceived the project and participated in the drafting of the manuscript. ES and MMP participated in the sampling collection. MFM and ES carried out specimen identification. CBK, MFM and MMP conducted the data analysis and participated in the drafting of the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mateus Marques Pires.

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The original research projects (numbers 022778 and 025998) were approved by the Project Office (GAP) of the Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE) of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM).

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Maxwell, M.F., Secretti, E., Pires, M.M. et al. The relative importance of spatial and environmental processes in the assembly of larval Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera) communities along a transition landscape in southern Brazilian streams. Limnology 22, 259–268 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10201-021-00652-4

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