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Ophicalcites from the Upper Tectonic Unit on Tinos, Cyclades, Greece: mineralogical, geochemical and isotope evidence for their origin and evolution

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Abstract

Ophicalcites exposed on the island of Tinos, Greece, occur as ellipsoidal bodies within greenschist-facies phyllites of the Upper Cycladic Unit. Close to their outcrops, blocks of serpentinites, metabasic rocks and metasediments were identified, implying a tectonically dismembered ophiolitic sequence in the study area. The ophicalcites comprise brecciated serpentinites cemented by calcite. Based on textural, mineralogical and deformation features, five ophicalcite varieties were discriminated, reflecting calcite precipitation, sedimentary features and increasing brecciation. Serpentinitic fragments comprise antigorite, while Cr-spinel, magnetite, talc and chlorite are accessory minerals. Carbonate veins consist of calcite and minor dolomite, talc, chlorite, and rarely epidote. Bulk rock chemical compositions and Cr-spinel mineral composition point towards a supra-subduction environment. Carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of calcite imply precipitation from mixed marine and hydrothermal fluids, followed by isotope exchange due to late, greenschist-facies overprint. The Tinos ophicalcites record intraoceanic exhumation of the ultramafics at the seafloor, where faulting and serpentinization caused an extensive network of fractures, healed by carbonates. Such intraoceanic deformation can be attributed either to obduction tectonics expressed by thrusting of oceanic piles, or to transpressional(?) transform faults, or more probably to slip along detachment fault of an oceanic core complex.

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Fig. 1

Modified from Péron-Pinvidic and Manatschal (2009), Bach and Früh-Green (2010)

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Acknowledgments

Special thanks are due to Associate Professors S. Lozios and P. Pomonis for their valuable help on the field work and their useful advice on various matters, and Emeritus Professor A. Katerinopoulos for his kind help and support. The authors would also like to thank the Editor in Chief Prof. W.-C. Dullo, the topic Editor, an anonymous reviewer and Dr F. Zaccarini, for providing valuable comments that helped us to improve the manuscript.

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  1. Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, Section of Mineralogy and Petrology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus-Zografou, 15784, Athens, Greece

    C. Mavrogonatos, A. Magganas, M. Kati & P. Voudouris

  2. Institut für Mineralogie, Westfälische-Wilhelms Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 24, 48149, Münster, Germany

    M. Bröcker

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  1. C. Mavrogonatos
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  2. A. Magganas
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Correspondence to C. Mavrogonatos.

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Mavrogonatos, C., Magganas, A., Kati, M. et al. Ophicalcites from the Upper Tectonic Unit on Tinos, Cyclades, Greece: mineralogical, geochemical and isotope evidence for their origin and evolution. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 110, 809–832 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-021-01991-4

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