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Lower implicit self-esteem as a pathway linking childhood abuse to depression and suicidal ideation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 February 2021

Azure Reid-Russell Open the ORCID record for Azure Reid-Russell [Opens in a new window] ,
Adam Bryant Miller ,
Dario Cvencek ,
Andrew N. Meltzoff  and
Katie A. McLaughlin
Azure Reid-Russell*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
Adam Bryant Miller
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Dario Cvencek
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Andrew N. Meltzoff
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Katie A. McLaughlin
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
*
Author for Correspondence: Azure Reid-Russell, B.S., Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland St, William James RM 1206, Cambridge, MA02138; E-mail: areidrussell@fas.harvard.edu
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Abstract

Identifying the potential pathways linking childhood abuse to depression and suicidal ideation is critical for developing effective interventions. This study investigated implicit self-esteem—unconscious valenced self-evaluation—as a potential pathway linking childhood abuse with depression and suicidal ideation. A sample of youth aged 8–16 years (N = 240) completed a self-esteem Implicit Association Test (IAT) and assessments of abuse exposure, and psychopathology symptoms, including depression, suicidal ideation, anxiety, and externalizing symptoms. Psychopathology symptoms were re-assessed 1–3 years later. Childhood abuse was positively associated with baseline and follow-up depression symptoms and suicidal ideation severity, and negatively associated with implicit self-esteem. Lower implicit self-esteem was associated with both depression and suicidal ideation assessed concurrently and predicted significant increases in depression and suicidal ideation over the longitudinal follow-up period. Lower implicit self-esteem was also associated with baseline anxiety, externalizing symptoms, and a general psychopathology factor (i.e. p-factor). We found an indirect effect of childhood abuse on baseline and follow-up depression symptoms and baseline suicidal ideation through implicit self-esteem. These findings point to implicit self-esteem as a potential mechanism linking childhood abuse to depression and suicidal ideation.

Keywords

childhood abusetraumadepressionsuicideimplicit self-esteem
Type
Regular Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 34 , Issue 4 , October 2022 , pp. 1272 - 1286
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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