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On the build-up of dust aerosols and possible indirect effect during Indian summer monsoon break spells using recent satellite observations of aerosols and cloud properties

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Abstract

Association of higher (lower) rainfall with lower (higher) Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) is consistent with the understanding that increased washout (build-up) and shorter (longer) life-time of aerosols occur in wetter (drier) conditions. Given the life-time of aerosols, it is imperative to examine how aerosols impact active/break (wetter/drier than normal) spells, prominent intraseasonal variability (ISV) of Indian summer monsoon (ISM), through their composite analysis using recent satellite observations of aerosols and cloud properties, circulation and rainfall. Dust aerosols can act as CCN and participate efficiently in cloud processes during active phase. During breaks, build-up of desert dust transported by prevalent circulation, is associated with lower cloud effective radius implying aerosols’ indirect effect where they can inhibit cloud growth in the presence of reduced moisture and decrease precipitation efficiency/rainfall. Correspondingly, correlation albeit small, between intraseasonal anomalies of AOD and rainfall is negative, when AOD leads rainfall by 3–5 days implying that indirect aerosols impact is effective during breaks, though it is not the dominant responsible factor. During breaks, lower shortwave flux at top of atmosphere hints at dust-induced semi-direct effect. As breaks are permanent features of ISM, incorporation of dust-induced feedbacks in models, is essential for improved ISV simulation and ISM prediction.

Highlights

  • Active (break) spell of summer monsoon is found to be associated with lower (higher) aerosol optical depth over India.

  • The build-up of desert dust transported to India by prevalent circulation during summer monsoon breaks, is associated with lower cloud effective radius which indicates the indirect effect of aerosols.

  • Predominant indirect effect induced by dust aerosols along with secondary semi-direct effect can lead to further rainfall reduction during intense and persistent breaks.

  • Proper incorporation of dust aerosol induced heating during breaks in models, is essential for simulation of intraseasonal variation inherent to Indian summer monsoon and thereby improving its prediction.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge rainfall dataset from IMD and ECMWF for ERA-Interim datasets. The authors are grateful to the anonymous reviewer for his invaluable suggestions which improved the scientific basis of our study and to the editor for the opportunity to revise the manuscript extensively. The first author thanks University Grants Commission (UGC) for the Fellowship and AcSIR for the support. She also acknowledges the help of Mr Suraj Ravindran and Ms Chaithra S T in preparing figures. This work was supported by the NCAP project of CSIR-4PI funded by MoEFCC, Govt. of India (GAP-1009).

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  1. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India

    V B Arya, Sajani Surendran & Kavirajan Rajendran

  2. Multi-Scale Modelling Programme (MSMP), CSIR-Fourth Paradigm Institute, Bangalore, India

    V B Arya, Sajani Surendran & Kavirajan Rajendran

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Conception and design of study: Sajani Surendran, Kavirajan Rajendran, Arya V B. Methodology, computations and visualization: Arya V B, Sajani Surendran. Discussion and interpretation of results: Sajani Surendran, Kavirajan Rajendran, Arya V B. Drafting the manuscript: Arya V B, Sajani Surendran. Revision of manuscript: Arya V B, Sajani Surendran, Kavirajan Rajendran.

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Arya, V.B., Surendran, S. & Rajendran, K. On the build-up of dust aerosols and possible indirect effect during Indian summer monsoon break spells using recent satellite observations of aerosols and cloud properties. J Earth Syst Sci 130, 42 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-020-01526-6

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