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Profiles of Emotional Feedback and Their Effect on Principal's Attributed Charisma and Leader–Member Exchange Quality (LMX)

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Abstract

The present research explored the effect of different profiles of emotional feedback in principal-teacher relations on followers' perceptions of the leader (attributed charisma and leader–member exchange (LMX)). The study is based on a field survey of 645 teachers. The findings indicate four profiles of emotional feedback from principal, as experienced by teachers: profile 1—positive emphasis: high positive emotional manipulations (PEM) and low negative emotional manipulations (NEM); profile 2—mixed feedback: high PEM and high NEM; profile 3—non-manipulative: low PEM and low NEM; and profile 4—negative emphasis: high NEM and low PEM. In general, profile 1 (positive emphasis) resulted in higher attributed charisma and higher LMX quality, followed by profile 2 (mixed), profile 3 (non-manipulative), and profile 4 (negative emphasis). The study showed that as long as there is a positive feedback, even if it is accompanied by a negative one, the followers' perceptions of the leader are positive. Negative feedback was less associated with positive followers' perceptions of the leader than was low emotional feedback (i.e., non-manipulative).

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Notes

  1. The focus on emotional manipulation is different than the one popular in the literature on emotional intelligence (e.g., Chen and Guo 2020), as the scale selected concerns a particular applied ability, whereas the emotional intelligence scale refers to general raw ability. Another key difference is that the emotional manipulation scale was adapted to report actual behaviors and not general ability (Berkovich and Eyal 2017).

  2. We considered 0–0.19 as a very weak correlation, 0.2–0.39 as a weak correlation, 0.40–0.59 as a moderate correlation, 0.6–0.79 as a strong correlation, and 0.8–1.0 as a very strong correlation.

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  1. Department of Education and Psychology, The Open University of Israel, 1 University Road, 4353701, Raanana, Israel

    Izhak Berkovich

  2. The Seymour Fox School of Education, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190501, Jerusalem, Israel

    Ori Eyal

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Berkovich, I., Eyal, O. Profiles of Emotional Feedback and Their Effect on Principal's Attributed Charisma and Leader–Member Exchange Quality (LMX). Asia-Pacific Edu Res 30, 349–359 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-021-00552-2

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