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Amazonite Li–F Granites with REE–Nb–Zr–Th–U Specialization: Geochemistry, Mineralogy, and Isotope Geochronology of the Turga Massif, Eastern Transbaikalia

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Abstract

The paper reports major relations and trends determined in the distributions of trace elements and the Sr and Nd isotope composition of leucogranites of the Turga massif in Eastern Transbaikalia. Three varieties of the leucogranites are distinguished: porphyritic biotite granites, equigranular granites with Li-siderophyllite, and amazonite granites that make up small stocks and dikes. All of the rocks define a single Rb–Sr isochron that corresponds to an age of 134 ± 1 Ma at IR(Sr) = 0.71768 ± 22 and MSWD = 1.2, i.e., all of these rocks crystallized within a narrow age span. The porphyritic biotite granites, which are thought to be parental for the leucogranites, crystallized at lower temperatures (710–740°C) than the younger granites with Li-siderophyllite (810–850°C). Moreover, the granites with Li-siderophyllite have elevated Fe concentrations, which is reflected in that their micas are Fe-rich. The leucogranites are enriched in HFSE (270 ± 59 ppm Zr, 337 ± 93 ppm REE, 72 ± 31 ppm Th, and 16 ± 6 ppm U), which is atypical of amazonite granites in the study area. Considered together with very low Sr and low Ti and P concentrations, these compositional features are distinguishing features of A-type granites. The rare-metal granites of the Turga massif are unique in composition: being similar to amazonite granites in mineralized massifs, these rocks carry accessory minerals typical of peralkaline rocks. They contain LREE fluorides and fluorcarbonates (fluocerite, bastnaesite, and parisite), minerals of the pyrochlore and samarskite groups, and minerals of the isostructural group of REE–Y–Zr–Th–U silicate-phosphates. Our data provide grounds for classifying the rare-metal granites of the Turga massif with an unusual transitional geochemical subtype: peraluminous columbite-bearing amazonite granites of elevated alkalinity with peralkaline REE–Nb–Zr–Th–U mineralization.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors thank V.S. Abushkevich for providing isotope geochronologic data on the Turga massif. V.M. Savatenkov is thanked for help with an isotope geochronologic study of rocks of the Shakhtama complex. We highly appreciate A.A. Spiridonov’s work, who has collected rocks and conducted a geochemical sampling of the Turga massif, thus providing a basis for our study. The authors also thank V.V. Yarmolyuk and V.S. Antipin for help in improving the manuscript.

Funding

This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 18-05-00957, and the DAAD German Academic Exchange Service. The study was carried out using equipment of the Research Park at the St. Petersburg State University. This paper publishes some materials acquired under project 13-05-01057 of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research.

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  1. Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia

    L. F. Syritso, A. A. Ivanova, E. V. Badanina & E. V. Volkova

  2. Institute of Precambrian Geology and Geochronology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia

    A. A. Ivanova

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  1. L. F. Syritso
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Correspondence to A. A. Ivanova or E. V. Badanina.

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Translated by E. Kurdyukov

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Syritso, L.F., Ivanova, A.A., Badanina, E.V. et al. Amazonite Li–F Granites with REE–Nb–Zr–Th–U Specialization: Geochemistry, Mineralogy, and Isotope Geochronology of the Turga Massif, Eastern Transbaikalia. Petrology 29, 54–76 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869591121010069

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