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Cadmium contamination in agricultural soils of Bangladesh and management by application of organic amendments: evaluation of field assessment and pot experiments

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Abstract

In recent years, cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils and its subsequent transfer to crops is one of the high-priority environmental and public health issues of global concern, especially in densely populated developing countries like Bangladesh. However, no effective strategy has been introduced or implemented yet to manage Cd-contaminated soils in order to sustain agricultural production with no human health risks. In this study, agricultural soil samples were collected from 60 locations of 10 upazilas from Tangail district to assess the extent of soil Cd contamination. The Cd concentration ranged from 0.83 to 4.08 mg kg−1 with a mean of 2.17 mg kg−1 in topsoil (0–15 cm), and from 0.67 to 3.74 mg kg−1 with a mean of 2.10 mg kg−1 in subsoil (16–30 cm). The values of contamination factor (CF) indicated that all the sampling locations were found to be highly contaminated with Cd. Pot trials with the application of different doses of biochar and vermicompost in Cd-contaminated soil (0.8 mg kg−1 Cd) revealed that integrated application of biochar (5 t ha−1) and vermicompost (5 t ha−1) was the best treatment that significantly (p < 0.05) reduced plant Cd concentration (72%) and increased the biomass of experimental crop, Red amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus). This combined treatment also significantly reduced the uptake of Cr (37%) when co-contamination was present. The study suggests the application of biochar (5 t ha−1) in combination with vermicompost (5 t ha−1) to reduce human health risk and increase crop production when the soil is loamy sand in texture.

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Data availability

The datasets used in this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to all the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions to improve the quality of the manuscript.

Funding

This study was financially supported by the Ministry of Education, the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Bangladesh.

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Author notes

  1. Shamim Al Mamun and Shatabdi Saha have contributed equally to this work

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh

    Shamim Al Mamun, Shatabdi Saha, Jannatara Ferdush, Tanmoy Roy Tusher & Md. Abu-Sharif

  2. Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan

    Shatabdi Saha

  3. Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-20 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980- 8579, Japan

    Tanmoy Roy Tusher

  4. Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, 3787, Bangladesh

    Md. Ferdous Alam

  5. Graduate School of Symbiotic System Science and Technology, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan

    Md. Ferdous Alam

  6. Faculty of Science, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand

    Megan R. Balks

  7. 7Department of Soil, Water and Environment, Dhaka University, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    Zakia Parveen

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  1. Shamim Al Mamun
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Contributions

SAM was involved in conceptualization, methodology, validation, supervision, writing—reviewing and editing, project administration, funding acquisition; SS was involved in methodology, validation, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, visualization, software, writing—Original draft preparation; JF was involved in formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing—original draft preparation; TRT was involved in conceptualization, methodology, validation, visualization, software, writing—reviewing and editing; AS was involved in formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing—original draft preparation; FA was involved in formal analysis, investigation, data curation; MRB was involved in writing—reviewing and editing; ZP was involved in conceptualization, methodology, funding acquisition, writing–reviewing and editing.

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Correspondence to Tanmoy Roy Tusher.

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Al Mamun, S., Saha, S., Ferdush, J. et al. Cadmium contamination in agricultural soils of Bangladesh and management by application of organic amendments: evaluation of field assessment and pot experiments. Environ Geochem Health 43, 3557–3582 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-021-00829-x

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