Abstract
This article revisits the notion of distinctive features used in linguistic semantics, through which this discipline converges with semiotics. Applied to grammar, traits make it possible to characterize notional categories and the links between them. These links are empirically demonstrated by the regularities in typological variation and in diachronic evolution. New data are provided explaining the passage from one category to another, in particular from indefinites to negation proper. The approach makes it possible to identify the features and notional categories that structure the semantics of grammar across languages.
Résumé
Cet article revient sur la notion de traits distinctifs utilisée en sémantique linguistique, et par laquelle cette discipline converge avec la sémiotique. Appliqués à la grammaire, les traits permettent de caractériser les catégories notionnelles et les liens entre elles. Ces liens sont empiriquement démontrés par les régularités dans la variation typologique et dans l’évolution diachronique. De nouvelles données sont fournies expliquant les modalités de passage d’une catégorie à l’autre, en particulier des indéfinis à la négation proprement dite. La démarche permet à terme d’envisager l’identification des traits et des catégories notionnelles qui structurent la sémantique des grammaires à travers les langues.
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