Given the increasing rate of South to South migration and South Africa’s leading role as a host for internally displaced migrants as well as Africa’s international students, this study examined this intersection of international students who selected the country for political stability and safety. The findings revealed that while these students were generally more highly prepared academically, more satisfied with university facilities and staff, and experienced fewer academic hurdles than their international student counterparts, they encountered greater challenges in regard to finances, living support and discrimination. The study calls for clearer acknowledgement in policy and specialized support for refugee and asylum seekers’ unique situations and needs.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ager, A. and Strang, A. (2008) ‘Understanding integration: A conceptual framework’, Journal of Refugee Studies 21(2):166–191.
Al Jazeera (2015) ‘South Africa Arrests Hundreds in Xenophobic Violence’, Al Jazeera, 19 April, http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/04/south-africa-arrestshundreds-xenophobic-violence-150420012539405.html. Accessed 14 September 2019.
Al Jazeera (2019) ‘Nigeria to repatriate hundreds of citizens from South Africa’, Al Jezeera, 19 September, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/09/nigeria-repatriate-hundreds-citizens-south-africa-190909141140990.html. Accessed 14 September 2019.
Al-Hawamdeh, A. and El-Ghali, H.A. (2017) Higher Education and Syrian Refugees Students: The Case of Jordan. Paris: UNESCO http://www.unesco.org/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/FIELD/Beirut/Jordan.pdfxenophobic-violence-150420012539405.html. Accessed 14 September 2019.
Andrucki, M. J. (2017) ‘Wish you were here: Bodies, diaspora strategy and the politics of propinquity in post-apartheid South Africa’, The Geographical Journal 183(1): 47–57.
Barakat, S. and Milton, S. (2015) Houses of Wisdom Matter: The Responsibility to Protect and Rebuild Higher Education in the Arab World. Brookings Doha Centre. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/En-Higher-Ed-Web.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2019.
Cantwell, B., Luca, S. and Lee, J.J. (2009) Exploring the orientations of international students in Mexico: Differences by geographic region of origin. Higher Education 57(3): 335–354.
Crea, T. M. (2016) ‘Refugee higher education: Contextual challenges and implications for program design, delivery, and accompaniment’, International Journal of Educational Development 46(1): 12–22.
Crush, J. and Peberdy, S. (2018) ‘Criminal tendencies: Immigrants and illegality in South Africa’, South African Migration Project. Migration Policy Brief No. 10.
Dryden-Peterson, S. (2016) ‘Refugee education in countries of first asylum: Breaking open the black box of pre-resettlement experiences’, Theory and Research in Education 14(2): 131–148.
Dryden-Peterson, S. (2017) ‘Refugee education: Education for an unknowable future’, Curriculum Inquiry 47(1): 14–24.
Esipova, N., Ray, J., Pugliese, A. and Tsabutashvili, D. (2015) How the World Views Migration, Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Migration. https://publications.iom.int/system/files/how_the_world_gallup.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2019.
Felix, V.R. (2016) ‘The Experiences of Refugee Students in United States Postsecondary Education’, PhD Dissertation, Higher Education Administration, Bowling Green State University.
Harris, V. and Marlowe, J. (2011) ‘Hard Yards High Hopes: The educational challenges of African refugee university students in Australia’, International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education 23(2): 186–196
International Organization for Migration (2015) Global Migration Trends Factsheet, Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Migration, http://gmdac.iom.int/global-migration-trends-factsheet. Accessed 14 September 2019.
Iwara, I.O., Kativhu, S. and Obadire, O.S. (2017) ‘Factors hindering socio-cultural integration of international students: A case of University of Zululand and University of Venda’, Gender and Behaviour 15(4): 10628–10643.
Jon, J. E., Lee, J. J. and Byun, K. (2014). ‘The emergence of a regional hub: Comparing international student choices and experiences in South Korea.’ Higher Education 67(5): 691–710.
Kamyab, S. (2017) ‘Syrian refugees higher education crisis’, Journal of Comparative and International Higher Education 9:10–14.
Kavuro, C. (2013). Refugees and Tertiary Education In South Africa: The Challenges to Equal Access to Education and Living a Dignified Life, Masters thesis, Social Justice, University of Cape Town, http://www.globaleducationmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/LLM_Thesis_Kavuro_Final_Draft_2013.pdf. Accessed 26 August 2019.
Landau, L.B. (2002) ‘The humanitarian hangover: Transnationalization of governmental practice in Tanzania’s refugee-populated areas’, Refugee Survey Quarterly 2: 260–299.
Landau, L.B. (2006) ‘Protection and dignity in Johannesburg: Shortcomings of South Africa’s urban refugee policy’, Journal of Refugee Studies 19(3): 308–327.
Lee, J. J. (2017) ‘Neo-nationalism in higher education: Case of South Africa’, Studies in Higher Education 42(5): 869–886.
Lee, J. J. (2008) ‘Beyond borders: International student pathways to the U.S.’, Journal of Studies in International Education 12(3): 308–327.
Lee, J. J. (2010) ‘International students’ experiences and attitudes at a US host institution: Self-reports and future recommendations’, Journal of Research in International Education 9(1): 66–84.
Lee, J.J. and Sehoole, C. (2015) ‘Regional, continental, and global mobility to an emerging economy: The case of South Africa’, Higher Education 70(5): 827–843.
Lenette, C. (2016) ‘University students from refugee backgrounds: Why should we care?’, Higher Education Research and Development 35(6): 1311–1315.
Luo, N. and Craddock, A. (2016) ‘The refugee crisis and higher education: Access is one issue. Credentials are Another’, World Education News and Reviews, December 6.
Madue, M. (2015) ‘South Africa’s foreign and migration policies missteps: Fuels of xenophobic eruptions?’, The Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa 11(4): a42.
Maringe, F. and de Wit, H. (2016) ‘Global higher education partnerships: equity and epistemic concerns with distribution and flows of intellectual capital’, in J. E. Côté and A. Furlong (eds). Routledge Handbook of the Sociology of Higher Education, New York: Routledge, pp. 299–314.
Maringe, F., Ojo, E. and Chiramba, O. (2017) ‘Traumatized home and away: Toward a framework for interrogating policy–practice disjunctures for refugee students in higher education’, European Education 49(4): 210–230.
Morrice, L. (2013) ‘Refugees in higher education: Boundaries of belonging and recognition, stigma, and exclusion,’ International Journal of Lifelong Education 32(5):652–668.
Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (2018) Education at a Glance, 2018. Paris: OECD.
Ramsay, G. and Baker, S. (2019) ‘Higher education and students from refugee backgrounds: A meta-scoping study’, Refugee Survey Quarterly 38(1): 55–82.
Republic of South Africa (1997) Draft Green Paper on International Migration. Government Gazette 383 (18033). Notice 849 of 1997. Pretoria: Government Printer
Republic of South Africa (2002) Asylum seeker and refugee permits. Pretoria, South African Government, https://www.gov.za/services/temporary-residence/asylum-seeker-and-refugee-permits, Accessed 14 September 2019.
Stermac, L., Mojab, S. and Dunlap, H. (2006) ‘Academic achievement and access to higher education among recent immigrant and refugee youth’, Paper presented at the Fourth Annual CESC–SSHRC Symposium; 21–22 February, Victoria, British Columbia.
Stevenson, J. and Willott, J. (2007) ‘The aspiration and access to higher education of teenage refugees in the UK’, Compare 37(5): 671–687.
Streitwieser, B., Loo, B., Ohorodnik, M. Jeong, J. (2018) ‘Access for refugees into higher education: A review of interventions in North America and Europe’, Journal of Studies in International Education. Published online 6 December. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315318813201
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR),(2017) Figures at a glance, Switzerland, UNHCR: The UN Refugee Agency.
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (1951) The 1951 refugee convention. Switzerland, UNHCR: The UN Refugee Agency. https://www.unhcr.org/1951-refugee-convention.html, Accessed 14 September 2019.
Watenpaugh, K.D. (2013) ‘Syria’s Lost Generation’, The Chronicle of Higher Education, 3 June 3, http://www.chronicle.com/article/Syrias-LostGeneration/139517/. Accessed 14 September 2019.
Zeus, B. (2011) ‘Exploring Barriers to Higher education in protracted refugee situations: The case of Burmese refugees in Thailand’, Journal of Refugee Studies 24(2): 256–276.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge Lydia Ikwuemesim for her assistance in identifying some background literature for this project.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, J.J., Sehoole, C. International Students Seeking Political Stability and Safety in South Africa. High Educ Policy 33, 305–322 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41307-019-00171-z
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41307-019-00171-z