Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Opportunities and Barriers in Higher Education for Young Refugees in Greece

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Higher Education Policy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Over the last decade, Greece has been the dominant receiver of large waves of both migrants and refugees. Taking into consideration that (a) immigration (and the displacement of people from their homes in general) is a social phenomenon, (b) education has a significant influence on the development process and access to education is absolutely a fundamental human right, (c) real development calls for improved educational opportunities and access for all citizens without any discrimination, and (d) the lives of young refugees have been impacted by negative experiences, then the purpose of this paper is to investigate, through qualitative analysis, the access and the opportunities that the Greek higher education system offers to young refugees (if they wish to enter) and to identify possible barriers raised by existing educational policy. A qualitative survey was conducted by analysing the relevant Greek legislative framework and by using structured interviews with key personnel of refugee support organizations and higher education institutions (HEIs), both public and private. This study supports the view that higher education should aim to remove any barriers to accessibility, have a humanitarian orientation, ensure equality and constitute a key step in the whole process of socialization.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Avery, H. and Said, S. (2017) ‘Higher education for refugees: the case of Syria’, Policy and Practice: A Development Educational Review 24: 104–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajwa, J., Couto, S., Kidd, S., Markoulakis, R., Abai, M. and McKenzie, K. (2017) ‘Refugees, higher education, and informational barriers’, Refuge 33(2): 56–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bendavid-Hadar, I. (2019) ‘Refugees in higher education’, in K. Arar, K. Haj-Yehia, D.B. Ross and Y. Kontakci (eds.) Higher Education Challenges for Migrant and Refugees Students in a Global World, New York: Peter Lang Publishing, pp. 23–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckner, E., Spencer, D. and Cha, J. (2017) ‘Between policy and practice: the education of Syrian refugees in Lebanon’, Journal of Refugee Studies 31(4): 444–465.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crea, T. (2016) ‘Refugee higher education: contextual challenges and implications for program design, delivery, and accompaniment’, International Journal of Educational Development 46(January): 12–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahya, N. and Dryden-Peterson, S. (2017) ‘Tracing pathways to higher education for refugees: the role of virtual support networks and mobile phones for women in refugee camps’, Comparative Education 53(2): 284–301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dryden-Peterson, S. (2010) ‘The politics of higher education for refugees in a global movement for primary education’, Canada’s Journal on Refugees 27(2): 10–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dryden-Peterson, S. and Giles, W. (2010) ‘Introduction: higher education for refugees’, Canada’s Journal on Refugees 27(2): 3–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dryden-Peterson, S (2016) ‘Refugee education: the crossroads of globalization’, Educational Researcher 45(9): 473–482.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eckel, P.D. (2007) ‘Redefining competition constructively: the challenges of privatisation, competition and market-based state policy in the United States’, Higher Education Management and Policy 19(1): 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferede, M. (2010) ‘Structural factors associated with higher education access for first-generation refugees in Canada: an agenda for research’, Refuge 27(2): 79–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foster D. and Mackley A. (2017) English Language Teaching for Refugees, Number CDP-2017-0195, London: House of Commons Library.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilliard, A. (2019) ‘Effective leadership. U.S. educational institutions can accommodate immigrants, refugees and displaces students’, in K. Arar, K. Haj-Yehia, D.B. Ross and Y. Kontakci (eds.) Higher Education Challenges for Migrant and Refugees Students in a Global World, New York: Peter Lang Publishing, pp. 81–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirano, E. (2014) ‘Refugees in first-year college: academic writing challenges and resources’, Journal of Second Language Writing 23(March): 37–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Irfan, A.E. (2019) ‘Educating palestinian refugees: the origins of UNRWA’s unique schooling system’, Journal of Refugee Studies fez051. Published online 10 July. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fez051.

  • Kirk, R. (2004) Skills audit of refugees, UK Home Office Online Report 37/04. Available online at https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4161074.pdf. Accessed 2 March 2019.

  • Loo, B. (2019) ‘North American policy and practice. Refugee qualifications and access to higher education’, in K. Arar, K. Haj-Yehia, D.B. Ross and Y. Kontakci (eds.) Higher Education Challenges for Migrant and Refugees Students in a Global World, New York: Peter Lang Publishing, pp. 97–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo, N. and Craddock, A. (2016) ‘The Refugee crisis and higher education: access is one issue. Credentials are another’, World Education and News and Review, Available on http://wenr.wes.org/2016/12/refugee-crisis-higher-education-access-credentials. Accessed 5 July 2019.

  • Lyberaki, A. (2019) Migration as a catalyst for the modernization of social policy. A speech given at the LSE event ‘Greece Facing the Immigration and Refugee Crisis’, hosted by the Hellenic Observatory, February 2019. Available at https://www.solidaritynow.org/antigone_lse/ (in Greek). Accessed 20 January 2020.

  • McBrien, J.L. (2005) ‘Educational needs and barriers for refugee students in the United States: a review of the literature’, Review of Educational Research 75(3): 329–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mangan, D. and Winter, L.A. (2017) ‘(In)validation and (mis)recognition in higher education: the experiences of students from refugee backgrounds’, International Journal of Lifelong Education 36(4): 486–502.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, T.H. (1950) Citizenship and social class, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrice, L. (2013) ‘Refugees in higher education: boundaries of belonging and recognition, stigma and exclusion’, International Journal of Lifelong Education 32(5): 652–668.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD (2018) International Migration Outlook 2018, Paris: OECD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, L.D. (2013) ‘Contemporary university strategising: the financial imperative’, Financial Accountability and Management 29(1): 1–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowlands, J. (2013) ‘Academic boards: less intellectual and more academic capital in higher education governance?’ Studies in Higher Education 38(9): 1274–1289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanders-McDonagh, E. and Davis, C. (2018) ‘Resisting neoliberal policies in UK higher education: Exploring the impact of critical peadagogies on non-traditional students in a post 1992 university’, Education, Citizenship and Social Justice 13(3): 217–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Segedy, J.A. and Lyons, T. S. (1997) ‘Sure (sustainable urban /rural enterprise): a partnership for economy and environment’, in I. Audirac (ed.) Rural Development in America, New York: Wiley & Sons, pp. 325–340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shakya, Y.B., Guruge, S., Hynie, M., Akbari, A., Malik, M., Htoo, S., Khogali, A., Mona, S., Murtaza, R. and Alley, S. (2010) ‘Aspirations for higher education among newcomer refugee youth in Toronto: expectations, challenges, and strategies’, Refuge 27(2): 65–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheikh, M. and Anderson, J.R. (2018) ‘Acculturation patterns and education of refugees and asylum seekers: a systematic literature review’, Learning and Individual Differences 67(October): 22–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherab, D. and Kirk, K. (2016) Access to higher education for refugees in Jordan, Amman: Arab Renaissance for Democracy and Development (ARDD)-Legal Aid, available from https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/access_to_higher_education_for_refugees_in_jordan.pdf. Accessed on 5 July 2019.

  • Solidarity Now (2018) Study on recognized refugees: integration perceptions. Unpublished study - survey conducted by the NPO Solidarity Now.

  • Stevenson, J. and Willott, J. (2007) ‘The aspiration and access to higher education of teenage refugees in the UK’, Compare 37(5): 671–687.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson, J. and Baker, S. (2018) Refugees in Higher Education: Debate, Discourse and Practice. Great Debates in Higher Education Series, Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited.

  • Stewart, M., Simich, L. Beiser, M., Makumbe, K., Makwarimba, E. and Shizha, E. (2011) ‘Impacts of a social support intervention for Somali and Sudanese refugees in Canada’, Ethnicity and Inequalities in Health and Social Care 4(4): 186–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Streitwieser, B., Brueck, K., Moody, R. and Taylor, M. (2017a) ‘The potential and reality of new refugees entering German higher education: the case of Berlin’, Institutions, European Education 49(4): 231–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Streitwieser, B., Miller-Idriss, C., and deWit, H. (2017b) ‘Higher education’s response to the European refugee crisis’, in J. Gacel-Avila, E. Jones, N. Jooste, and H. de Wit (eds.) The Globalization of Internationalization: Emerging Voices and Perspectives Internationalization in Higher education, London, UK: Routledge, pp. 29–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Streitwieser, B., Schmidt, M.A., Brueck, L. and Glasener, K.M. (2019) ‘Not quite a crisis but a coping challenge’, in K. Arar, K. Haj-Yehia, D.B. Ross and Y. Kontakci (eds.) Higher Education Challenges for Migrant and Refugees Students in a Global World, New York: Peter Lang Publishing, pp. 131–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Timm, M. (2016) ‘The integration of refugees into the German education system’ eJournal of Education Policy, published online, available on https://in.nau.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/135/2018/08/Timm-ek.pdf. Accessed 5 July 2019.

  • Vavrona, T. and Morre, D. (2019) ‘Student immigrants and NGO activists in the same boat’, in K. Arar, K. Haj-Yehia, D.B. Ross and Y. Kontakci (eds.) Higher Education Challenges for Migrant and Refugees Students in a Global World, New York: Peter Lang Publishing, pp. 171–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waite, D. and Swisher, J.R. (2019) ‘In the United States, is there a home and access to higher education for migrants, immigrants and refugees?’, in K. Arar, K. Haj-Yehia, D.B. Ross and Y. Kontakci (eds.) Higher Education Challenges for Migrant and Refugees Students in a Global World, New York: Peter Lang Publishing, pp. 59–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeus, B. (2011) ‘Exploring barriers to higher education in protracted refugee situations: the case of Burmese refugees in Thailand’, Journal of Refugee Studies 24(2): 256–276.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Professor Antigone Lyberaki, the General Manager of the non-profit organization Solidarity Now and the Professor of Economics at Panteion University in Athens, Greece, for her support. Solidarity Now and Equal Society are the organizations that provided feedback for this research, and we would like to thank them for their time and consideration.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anna Saiti.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Saiti, A., Chletsos, M. Opportunities and Barriers in Higher Education for Young Refugees in Greece. High Educ Policy 33, 287–304 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41307-020-00180-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41307-020-00180-3

Keywords

Navigation