Abstract
This study provides in-depth analyses of how country contexts along with working conditions might relate to teachers’ turnover intentions. Using a large sample of teachers and schools from 32 OECD countries, the study estimates a set of three-level HLM models of turnover intention. The findings reveal that teacher turnover intentions vary significantly across countries and across schools within countries. This variation is a function of teacher-, school-, and country-level factors. The analysis of cross-level interactions indicates that the country contexts might have moderated the nature or strength of the relationships between working conditions and teacher turnover intention.
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Appendices
Appendix A
Description of the participating countries
Country | Teacher | School | Female | Age | Average years of working experience as a teacher in total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Under 30 | 30–49 | 50 or more | |||||
Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) | 2184 | 166 | 59 | 12 | 76 | 12 | 13 |
Alberta (Canada) | 1704 | 182 | 60 | 18 | 60 | 21 | 13 |
Australia | 1882 | 123 | 59 | 16 | 47 | 37 | 17 |
Brazil | 13,078 | 1070 | 71 | 18 | 66 | 16 | 14 |
Bulgaria | 2894 | 197 | 81 | 3 | 50 | 47 | 21 |
Chile | 1521 | 178 | 63 | 21 | 49 | 30 | 15 |
Croatia | 3597 | 199 | 74 | 14 | 56 | 30 | 16 |
Czech Republic | 3182 | 220 | 76 | 11 | 54 | 35 | 18 |
Denmark | 1572 | 148 | 60 | 6 | 58 | 36 | 16 |
England (UK) | 2325 | 154 | 63 | 21 | 59 | 20 | 12 |
Estonia | 3035 | 197 | 84 | 7 | 44 | 48 | 22 |
Finland | 2674 | 146 | 72 | 8 | 59 | 33 | 15 |
Flanders (Belgium) | 3016 | 168 | 68 | 24 | 52 | 24 | 15 |
France | 2770 | 204 | 66 | 9 | 65 | 26 | 17 |
Israel | 3191 | 195 | 76 | 14 | 59 | 27 | 16 |
Italy | 3257 | 194 | 79 | 1 | 49 | 50 | 20 |
Japan | 3454 | 192 | 39 | 19 | 51 | 31 | 17 |
Korea | 2814 | 177 | 68 | 11 | 62 | 27 | 16 |
Latvia | 2074 | 116 | 89 | 5 | 52 | 44 | 22 |
Malaysia | 2951 | 150 | 71 | 18 | 69 | 13 | 14 |
Mexico | 3064 | 187 | 54 | 13 | 62 | 26 | 16 |
Netherlands | 1775 | 127 | 55 | 17 | 46 | 37 | 16 |
Norway | 2739 | 145 | 61 | 11 | 55 | 34 | 15 |
Poland | 3783 | 195 | 75 | 9 | 68 | 23 | 17 |
Portugal | 3548 | 185 | 73 | 1 | 71 | 28 | 19 |
Romania | 3236 | 197 | 69 | 14 | 60 | 27 | 16 |
Serbia | 3768 | 191 | 66 | 10 | 59 | 30 | 15 |
Singapore | 3081 | 159 | 65 | 32 | 57 | 12 | 18 |
Slovak Republic | 3428 | 193 | 82 | 11 | 56 | 32 | 18 |
Spain | 3231 | 192 | 59 | 3 | 62 | 35 | 16 |
Sweden | 3132 | 186 | 66 | 5 | 57 | 38 | 16 |
USA | 1843 | 122 | 66 | 18.2 | 52.4 | 29.4 | 14 |
Appendix B
Description of the national variables
Country | Relative salary | Perceived teaching status | GDP 2012 |
---|---|---|---|
Abu Dhabi | 2.76 | 57,045 | |
Australia | 0.93 | 2.27 | 42,278 |
Flanders (Belgium) | 0.87 | 2.38 | 39,498 |
Bulgaria | 1.94 | 15,738 | |
Brazil | 1.72 | 14,301 | |
Alberta (Canada) | 1.05 | 2.41 | 40,588 |
Chile | 0.73 | 2.04 | 21,099 |
Czech Republic | 0.54 | 1.83 | 26,733 |
Denmark | 0.92 | 1.85 | 41,524 |
England (UK) | 0.95 | 2.20 | 34,694 |
Spain | 1.32 | 1.64 | 31,198 |
Estonia | 0.84 | 1.80 | 24,195 |
Finland | 0.97 | 2.58 | 38,104 |
France | 0.86 | 1.47 | 36,074 |
Croatia | 1.65 | 19,946 | |
Israel | 0.85 | 2.20 | 30,600 |
Italy | 0.65 | 1.66 | 33,668 |
Japan | 2.10 | 35,006 | |
Korea | 1.36 | 2.75 | 29,495 |
Latvia | 2.02 | 21,229 | |
Mexico | 2.49 | 16,144 | |
Malaysia | 3.11 | 21,897 | |
Netherlands | 0.82 | 2.29 | 42,453 |
Norway | 0.71 | 2.17 | 62,858 |
Poland | 0.83 | 1.92 | 22,143 |
Portugal | 1.23 | 1.71 | 25,096 |
Romania | 2.20 | 17,234 | |
Singapore | 2.73 | 71,475 | |
Serbia | 1.89 | 11,587 | |
Slovak Republic | 0.42 | 1.44 | 25,537 |
Sweden | 0.82 | 1.44 | 41,840 |
USA | 0.68 | 2.16 | 50,859 |
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Qin, L. Country effects on teacher turnover intention: a multilevel, cross-national analysis. Educ Res Policy Prac 20, 79–105 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10671-020-09269-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10671-020-09269-3