Abstract
In recent years, an on-going project investigating the urban landscape of Naxos has surveyed and produced several new digital reconstructions of the settlement’s simple non-peripteral temples, most with highly decorative roofs. Three Archaic sacred buildings of Sicilian Naxos are used to demonstrate different approaches to recording the remains and reconstructing their architectural features. This work reflects changes in digital strategies over the past ten years. Tempietto H is a small shrine located outside the city’s boundaries and the site is currently inaccessible, so its reconstruction is based on excavation documentation and roof terracottas. The visible half of Tempietto C was documented using three-dimensional line-drawing with total stations and photogrammetry; the back-filled south-western part was surveyed with ground penetrating radar. Temple B is the largest sacred structure in Naxos. A geophysical survey gives new data on the eastern extent of the sanctuary. The area has been recorded with handheld and aerial photography to create a three-dimensional model of the sanctuary. A new orthogonal grid of the city was established circa 470 BCE and a rectangular base was placed in the south-east corner of every crossroad. These bases were the starting point for the plan, and their interpretation as altars converts the entire urban plan into a sacred landscape.
References
Adam, S. (1966). The Technique of Greek Sculpture in the Archaic and Classical Periods (The British School at Athens Suppl. 3). Oxford: The British School of Archaeology at Athens & Thames and Hudson.Search in Google Scholar
Ciurcina, C. (1977). Nuovi rivestimenti fittili da Naxos e da altri centri della Sicilia Orientale. Cronache di archeologia e di storia dell’arte, Università di Catania, 16, 66–81.Search in Google Scholar
Ciurcina, C. (1980). Terrecotte architettoniche di Naxos da un’area sacra extraurbana ad occidente del Santa Venera. Cronache di archeologia e di storia dell’arte, Università di Catania, 19, 177–187.Search in Google Scholar
Gruben, G. (1957). Die Südhalle. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts. Athenische Abteilung, 72, 52–64.Search in Google Scholar
Guarducci, M. (1985). Una nuova dea a Naxos in Sicilia e gli antichi legami fra la Naxos siceliota e l’omonima isola delle Cicladi. Mélanges de l’École française de Rome. Antiquité, 97, 7–34. doi:10.3406/mefr.1985.144610.3406/mefr.1985.1446Search in Google Scholar
Herda, A. (forthcoming). Homer in the Panionion. Where, When and Why The Iliad and The Odyssey Were Textualized and Brought to Performance.Search in Google Scholar
Hoepfner, W. & Schwandner, E.-L. (1994). Haus und Stadt im klassischen Griechenland (2nd ed.). Munich: Deutscher Kunstverlag.Search in Google Scholar
Johnston, S. I. (1991). Crossroads. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 88, 217–224.Search in Google Scholar
Korres, M. (1992–98). Apo ton Stavro stin archaia Agora [From Stavros to the Ancient Agora]. HOROS.Ena archaiognostiko periodiko, 10–12, 83–104. [in Greek]Search in Google Scholar
Lentini, M. C. (1993–94). Nuove esplorazioni a Naxos (scavi 1989–1994). Kokalos, 39–40, 1001–1025.Search in Google Scholar
Lentini, M. C. (1997). Nuove rivestimenti architettonici di età arcaica a Naxos dal santuario ad ovest del Santa Venera. In P. Lulof & E. M. Moormann (Eds.), Deliciae Fictiles II. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Archaic Architectural Terracottas from Italy. (pp. 123–134). Amsterdam: Thesis Publ.Search in Google Scholar
Lentini, M. C. (1998). Le ultime esplorazioni a Naxos (1983–1995). In M. C. Lentini (Ed.), Naxos a quarant’anni dall’inizio degli scavi. Atti della tavola rotonda (Giardini Naxos, 26–27 ottobre 1995) (pp. 71–100). Messina: Museo archeologico di Naxos.Search in Google Scholar
Lentini, M. C. (2012). Recent Investigation of the Early Settlement Levels at Sicilian Naxos. In J.-P Descoeudres and S.A. Paspalas (Eds.), Zagora in Context: Settlements and Intercommunal Links in the Geometric Period (900–700 BC). Proceedings of the Conference held by the Australian Archaeological Institute at Athens and the Archaeological Society at Athens, Athens, 20–22 May 2012 (Mediterranean Archaeology 25, pp. 309–315). Sydney: University of Sydney.Search in Google Scholar
Lentini, M. C. (in press). Naxos between the Eighth and Seventh Centuries BC Revisited. In M. D’Acunto & T. E. Cinquantaquattro (Eds.), Pithekoussai e l’Eubea tra Oriente e Occidente.Search in Google Scholar
Lentini, M. C., Blackman, D., & Pakkanen, J. (2013). Naxos in Sicily. In D. J. Blackman, B. Rankov, K. Baika, H. Gerding & J. Pakkanen, Shipsheds of the Ancient Mediterranean (pp. 393–409). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Lentini, M. C., & Pakkanen, J. (2010). The Sanctuary to the West of the Santa Venera: a Review. In P. S. Lulof & C. Rescigno (Eds.), Deliciae Fictiles IV. Architectural Terracottas in Ancient Italy. Images of Gods, Monsters and Heroes (pp. 417–425). Oxford & Oakville: Oxbow Books.Search in Google Scholar
Lentini, M. C., & Pakkanen, J. (2019). Temple B in the South-West Sanctuary of Naxos in Sicily. In P. Lulof, C. Rescigno & I. Manzini (Eds.), Deliciae Fictiles V. Networks and Workshops. Architectural Terracottas and Decorative Roof Systems in Italy and Beyond (pp. 90–98). Oxford: Oxbow Books.Search in Google Scholar
Lentini, M. C., Pakkanen, J., & Sarris, A. (2015). Naxos of Sicily in the 5th Century BC: New Research. In P. Veleni & D. Tsagari (Eds.), Greek Colonization. New Data, Current Approaches. Proceedings of the Scientific Meeting Held in Thessaloniki (6 February 2015) (pp. 23–35). Athens: Alpha Bank.Search in Google Scholar
Martin, R. (1965). Manuel d’architecture grecque 1. Matériaux et techniques. Paris: A. et J. Picard.Search in Google Scholar
Mertens, D. (2006). Städte und Bauten der Westgriechen: Von der Kolonisationszeit bis zur Krise am Ende des 5. Jh. v.Chr. Munich: Hirmer.Search in Google Scholar
Murray, O. (2014). Thucydides and the Altar of Apollo Archegetes. Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Serie 5, 6, 447–473.Search in Google Scholar
Ohnesorg, A. (2005). Ionische Altäre: Formen und Varianten einer Architekturgattung aus Insel- und Ostionien (Archäologische Forschungen 21). Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag.Search in Google Scholar
Pakkanen, J. (2009). Documentation and computer reconstruction strategies in the study of architecture at the sanctuary of Poseidon at Kalaureia, Greece. In W. Börner & S. Uhlirz (Eds.), Workshop 13. Archäologie und Computer. Kulturelles Erbe und Neue Technologien 03–05. November 2008 (pp. 1–9). Vienna: Museen der Stadt Wien – Stadtarchäologie.Search in Google Scholar
Pakkanen, J. (2013). Classical Greek Architectural Design: a Quantitative Approach. Helsinki: Foundation of the Finnish Institute at Athens.Search in Google Scholar
Pakkanen, J. (2018). Three-Dimensional Documentation of Architecture and Archaeology in the Field: Combining Intensive Total Station Drawing and Photogrammetry. In A. Brysbaert, M.V. Klinkenberg, A.M. Gutiérrez Garcia-M. & I. Vikatou (Eds.), Constructing Monuments, Perceiving Monumentality and the Economics of Building. Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Built Environment (pp. 115–138). Leiden: Sidestone Press.Search in Google Scholar
Pelagatti, P. (1964). Naxos. Relazione preliminare delle campagne di scavo 1961–64. Bollettino d’arte, 49, 149–165.Search in Google Scholar
Pelagatti, P. (1972). Naxos II. Ricerche topografiche e scavi 1965–1970. Relazione preliminare. Bollettino d’arte, 57, 211–220.Search in Google Scholar
Pelagatti, P. (1976–77). L’attività della Soprintendenza alle Antichità della Sicilia Orientale, I. Kokalos, 22–23, 519–550.Search in Google Scholar
Pelagatti, P. (1977). Sacelli e nuovi materiali architettonici a Naxos, Monte San Mauro e Camarina, Cronache di archeologia e di storia dell’arte, Università di Catania, 16, 43–65.Search in Google Scholar
Pelagatti, P. (1980–81). L’attività della Sopraintendenza alle Antichità della Sicilia Orientale, II. Kokalos, 26–27, 694–735.Search in Google Scholar
Pelagatti, P. (1981). Bilancio degli scavi di Naxos per l’VIII e il VII sec. a.C. Annuario della Scuola Archeologico di Atene, 59, 291–311.Search in Google Scholar
Pelagatti, P. (1993). Nasso. Storia della ricerca archeologica. Bibliografia Topografica della Colonizzazione Greca in Italia e nelle Isole Tirreniche, 12, 268–312.Search in Google Scholar
Pelagatti, P. (1998). Dalle perlustrazioni di Paolo Orsi e Antonino Salinas alle ricerche recenti. In M. C. Lentini (Ed.), Naxos a quarant’anni dall’inizio degli scavi (pp. 39–69). Naxos: Museo archeologico di Naxos.Search in Google Scholar
Pflug, H. (2006). Bemalte Terrakottaplatten aus Naxos. Überlegungen zu Figurenfriesen an archaischen Bauten in Sizilien. In J. F. Kenfield, I. E. M. Edlund-Berry & G. Greco (Eds.), Deliciae Fictiles III. Architectural Terracottas in Ancient Italy. New Discoveries and Interpretations (pp. 453–472). Oxford: Oxbow Books.Search in Google Scholar
Romeo, I. (1989). Sacelli arcaici senza peristasi nella Sicilia greca. Xenia, 17, 5–54.Search in Google Scholar
Sarris, A. (2015). Best Practices of GeoInformatic Technologies for the Mapping of Archaeolandscapes. Oxford: Archaeopress.Search in Google Scholar
Smith, C. (1888). British Museum. Classical Review, 2, 265–266.Search in Google Scholar
Vallet, G., Villard, F., & Auberson, P. (1976). Mégara Hyblaea 1. Le quartier de l’Agora archaïque. Paris: De Boccard.Search in Google Scholar
Wikander, Ö. (1988). Ancient Roof-Tiles – Use and Function. Opuscula Atheniensia, 17, 203–216.Search in Google Scholar
© 2019 Jari Pakkanen et al., published by De Gruyter
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Public License.
