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Paleodemographic Simulations at Xcambó, Yucatan: Early and Late Classic Population Dynamics in the Northern Maya Territories

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 August 2020

Allan Ortega-Muñoz ,
Vera Tiesler ,
Thelma Sierra-Sosa  and
Andrea Cucina Open the ORCID record for Andrea Cucina [Opens in a new window]
Allan Ortega-Muñoz
Affiliation:
Centro INAH Quintana Roo, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Av. Insurgentes no. 974, Col. Forjadores, 77025, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
Vera Tiesler
Affiliation:
Facultad de Ciencias Antropológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, km 1.00 Carretera Mérida-Tizimín, tramo Cholul, Mérida, 97305, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
Thelma Sierra-Sosa
Affiliation:
Centro INAH Yucatán, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, km 6.5, Antigua Carretera a Progreso s/n, 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
Andrea Cucina*
Affiliation:
Facultad de Ciencias Antropológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, km 1.00 Carretera Mérida-Tizimín, tramo Cholul, Mérida, 97305, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
*
(acucina@yahoo.com, corresponding author)
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Abstract

Paleodemographic simulations are rare in the Maya region, because generally the skeletal collections do not represent well the ancient living population, are poorly preserved, and lead to flawed age-at-death estimations. The skeletal collection of Xcambó, however, is suitable for paleodemographic analysis and is large enough to enable comparison of paleodemographic trends between the Early (AD 250–550) and Late Classic (AD 550–750) periods. Three demographic simulations were generated; two relied on growth rates calculated from the site's previous archaeodemographic data, and a third simulation was based on a stationary scenario by applying Weiss's (1973) and Séguy and Buchet's (2013) models. All simulations indicate that Xcambó’s Late Classic population was growing faster than its Early Classic peers, with higher rates of survivorship and more severe mortality rates. We argue that the differences are more likely due to shifts in lifestyle and wealth than to environmental changes, as is confirmed by other bioarchaeological and skeletal indicators.

Las simulaciones paleodemográficas de poblaciones mayas se encuentran constreñidas por el deterioro de las muestras esqueléticas, su reducida representatividad de la población en vida, y, sobre todo, por las fallas de las técnicas de estimación de la edad a la muerte. Las colecciones osteológicas del sitio de Xcambó de los periodos Clásico Temprano (250-550 dC) y Clásico Tardío (550-750 dC) se encuentran bien preservadas, con individuos de todos los grupos de edades, permitiendo realizar diferentes técnicas para la estimación de la edad a la muerte. En el presente trabajo se elaboran tres simulaciones demográficas que se fundan en diferentes escenarios de tasas de crecimiento. Dos simulaciones aplican las estimaciones paleodemográficas de crecimiento previamente planteadas por Ortega-Muñoz y colaboradores (2018), en tanto que la tercera opera con el supuesto de estacionariedad y aplica dos distintas elaboraciones de tablas de vida (Weiss 1973; Séguy and Buchet 2013). Los resultados muestran poblaciones en crecimiento en todas las elaboraciones y ambas metodologías, distinguiendo la Clásica tardía de la Clásica temprana por sus tasas de sobrevivencia y de mortalidad aumentadas. Planteamos que los factores detrás de las diferencias en los patrones de mortalidad de la población identifican mejoras en las condiciones de vida y una mayor riqueza, más que cambios ambientales en Xcambó. Nuestras inferencias encuentran apoyo en resultados alternos, obtenidos en estudios nutricionales y de salud en la población esquelética de Xcambó.

Keywords

paleodemographylife tablesmortality and fertilityancient MayaClassic periodnorthern Maya LowlandsMexicopaleodemografíatablas de vidamortalidad y fecundidadantiguos MayasPeriodo ClásicoTierras bajas maya del norteMéxico
Type
Article
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 31 , Issue 4 , December 2020 , pp. 683 - 701
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Society for American Archaeology

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