Journal of Chinese Linguistics

摘要:

"卯"由表时辰的名词演变为动量词的时间，文献中并无明确反映。这个动量词存在于两个相距甚远的方言区块：在杭州方言中常用，还虚化为时间名词后缀，并扩散到了北部吴语；在毗邻河南的中原官话、晋语中存在面较大，但使用受限。联系两地方言的时段是两宋之交，意味着该词至迟产生于北宋时期的南系官话，是由开封等地移民在南宋初带到杭州的。文献和方言用例则反映出其演变的轨迹。这个特征词印证了吕叔湘、罗杰瑞关于"南系官话"流变的某些看法。

ABSTRACT:

It is not reflected expressly in the literature when "卯" evolved from a noun expressing time into a verbal measure word. It exists in two districts far away from each other: first, it is commonly used in the Hangzhou dialect, where it has grammaticalized into a suffix of time noun and diffused to Northern Wu; second, it is more widely distributed in dialects of Central Plains Mandarin and Jin in the vicinity of Henan, but with a limited range of functions. The period connecting these two groups of dialects lies in the transitional period between the Northern Song dynasty and Southern Song dynasty, implying that the word emerged in Southern Mandarin during the Northern Song dynasty at the latest, and transferred by migrants from Kaifeng to Hangzhou in the early Southern Song dynasty. Its grammaticalization pathway is also reflected in texts and dialects. The character word "卯" corroborates the views of Shuxiang Lü and Jerry Norman on the evolution of Southern Mandarin.