Abstract
Roundup® is one of the most widely marketed glyphosate-based herbicides in the world. There are many different formulations of this brand that differ from each other in glyphosate concentration, salts and adjuvants, including surfactants, which are labelled as “inert” compounds. Several studies have shown that these formulations are highly toxic to fish, even compared with pure glyphosate. However, mechanisms underlying this toxicity are not fully understood. In this context, this study evaluated the effects of exposure to Roundup Original® (RO), Roundup Transorb® (RT), and Roundup WG® (RWG) on the behavioural patterns of the livebearer Jenynsia multidentata. This fish naturally inhabits agricultural areas in southern Brazil and Argentina where glyphosate is used extensively. In the experiment, animals were exposed to the herbicides for 96 h, at the environmentally relevant concentration of 0.5 mg/L of glyphosate. Swimming performance, anxiety, aggressiveness, long-term memory and male sexual activity were recorded. The formulation RWG negatively affected swimming performance, thigmotaxia and long-term memory consolidation. Conversely, RT reduced the sexual performance of males. These results confirm that Roundup® formulations are extremely harmful and also that they have different targets of toxicity, affecting behaviours that are essential for fish survival.
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Data availability
The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Dr. Sergiane for help with glyphosate measurements and Claudio Campos de Moraes for assistance with the herbicides.
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The authors of the present study thank the Brazilian CNPq - National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Process 449695/2014-0) for financial support. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001.
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Jessica Andrea Albañil Sanchéz and Camila De Martinez Gaspar Martins conceived the study and were in charge of the overall outline and planning. Camila De Martinez Gaspar Martins was responsible for obtaining financial support and managing it. Jessica Andrea Albañil Sanchéz performed all the experiments and analysed the results. Daniela Martí Barros, Maria de los Angeles Bistoni, Maria Laura Ballesteros and María Angelina Roggio provided critical feedback and helped shape the research. Jessica Andrea Albañil Sanchéz drafted this manuscript and designed the figures, and Camila De Martinez Gaspar Martins and Maria de los Angeles Bistoni contributed to finalizing the manuscript and its revisions.
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Sánchez, J.A.A., Barros, D.M., de los Angeles Bistoni, M. et al. Glyphosate-based herbicides affect behavioural patterns of the livebearer Jenynsia multidentata. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 29958–29970 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11958-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11958-8