Abstract
Beta-diversity measures have been used to understand patterns of community distribution in natural ecosystems. Recent studies included different facets of beta-diversity analyses, e.g. trait- and phylogeny-based. Here, we used ostracod communities to evaluate the influence of environmental and spatial factors structuring different facets of beta-diversity and their components (Beta-total, replacement and richness-difference) of ostracod communities associated with different macrophyte life forms. We test the hypotheses (1) that the influence of environmental factors is higher for ostracod beta-diversity facets of communities associated with submerged plants compared to emergent and floating plants and (2) that the influence of spatial factors is higher in communities associated with rooted, compared to non-rooted plants. Ostracods were sampled from five life forms of macrophytes, including emergent, rooted floating, rooted submerged, free submerged and free floating in 25 floodplain lakes. Our results showed that the environmental factors turned out to be important for all beta-diversity facets of ostracod communities, mainly for those associated with submerged macrophytes, thus corroborating the first hypothesis. We also found that spatial factors’ influence on ostracod beta-diversity was not related to whether the plant is rooted or not, thus refuting our second hypothesis. We also found differences in factors structuring each of the beta-diversity facets, showing the importance to include these three approaches (species-, traits- and phylogeny-based) in ecological surveys. Finally, we highlight the importance of considering different macrophyte life forms in biodiversity surveys for the preservation and management of the diversity of these plants and their associated communities.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the Centre of Research in Limnology, Ichthyology and Aquaculture (Nupélia) and the Graduate Program in Ecology of Inland Water Ecosystems (PEA) of the State University of Maringá (UEM) for logistic support. We also thank Dr Fernando M. Lansac-Toha and Dr Danielle K. Petsch for statistical support and Jaime Luiz Lopes Pereira (Nupélia) for the production of the map. R.C., V.G.F. and E.O.C. would like to thank CAPES, and J.R. would like to thank to CNPq for granting their scholarships. The State University of Maringá (UEM, Maringá) and the Royal Belgian Institute of natural Sciences (RBINS, Brussels) have a bilateral Memorandum of Understanding regarding collaborative Scientific Research. Two anonymous referees offered important comments that improved the paper significantly.
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This work was funded by Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)/National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) through the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER, site 6) and Academic Excellency Program (PROEX)/Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES).
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RC, JH and KM designed the research. All authors contributed to the ostracod sampling. RC, VGF, JR and EOC contributed to the ostracod sorting and identification. RC wrote the first draft of the manuscript and all authors contributed to the final version of the manuscript.
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de Campos, R., Rosa, J., Ferreira, V.G. et al. Macrophyte life forms influence the effects of environmental and spatial factors on the beta-diversity of associated ostracod communities (Crustacea). Aquat Sci 83, 27 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-021-00777-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-021-00777-9