Abstract
The Greens are the political group in which the support for the implementation of a basic income is stronger. Nevertheless, the reasons for that support are not always clear and quite often not related to environmental issues. For this reason, two different approaches to a green BI – environmental and ecological – are discussed in this article. The first could be part of a green growth strategy, whereas the second would require structural changes to the economic model, in support of a post-productivist economy. Although showing some overlaps, these models are in conflict in some central aspects, such as the role of economic growth in promoting sustainability. For this reason, it might be incorrect to assume that an environmental BI is a step toward an ecological BI. We will focus on the green aspects as a consequence of implementing a BI and independently of its sources of funding – namely by looking into the amount a BI needs to be in order to support shifting activities from the market to the autonomous sphere – and on the green potential of its sources of financing.
References
Andersson, J. O. (2010). Basic income from an ecological perspective. Basic Income Studies, 4(2). doi:10.2202/1932-0183.1180Search in Google Scholar
Ariès, P. (2007). Le mésusage: essai sur l’hypercapitalisme. Lyon: Parangon/VS.Search in Google Scholar
Asafu-Adjaye, J. (2005). Environmental economics for non-economists: Techniques and policies for sustainable development. Toh Tuck Link - Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.10.1142/5727Search in Google Scholar
Asafu-Adjaye, J., Blomquist, L., Brand, S., Brook, B., Defries, R., Ellis, E., … et al., (2015). An ecomodernist manifesto. Retrieved August 19, 2019 from http://www.ecomodernism.org/manifesto-english/Search in Google Scholar
Barry, J. (2012). The politics of actually existing unsustainability: Human flourishing in a climate-changed, carbon constrained world. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199695393.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
Birnbaum, S. (2010). Introduction: Basic income, sustainability and post-productivism. Basic Income Studies, 4(2). doi:10.2202/1932-0183.1178Search in Google Scholar
Birnbaum, S. (2012). Basic income reconsidered: Social justice, liberalism, and the demands of equality. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US.10.1057/9781137015426Search in Google Scholar
Birnbaum, S., & De Wispelaere, J. (2016). Basic income in the capitalist economy: The mirage of “Exit” from employment. Basic Income Studies, 11(1), 61–74. doi:10.1515/bis-2016-0013Search in Google Scholar
Bookchin, M. (2005). The ecology of freedom: The emergence and dissolution of hierarchy. Oakland: AK Press.Search in Google Scholar
Boulanger, P.-M. (2010). Basic income and sustainable consumption strategies. Basic Income Studies, 4(2). doi:10.2202/1932-0183.1179Search in Google Scholar
Boyce, J. K., & Barnes, P. (2016). How to pay for universal income. Retrieved from http://evonomics.com/how-to-pay-for-universal-basic-income/Search in Google Scholar
Calder, G. (2010). Mobility, inclusion and the green case for basic income. Basic Income Studies, 4(2). doi:10.2202/1932-0183.1181Search in Google Scholar
Cardon, D., & Casilli, A. (2015). Qu’est-ce que le digital labor ? Bry-sur-Marne: INA.Search in Google Scholar
Costanza, R. (1989). What is ecological economics? Ecological Economics, 1(1), 1–7. doi:10.1016/0921-8009(89)90020-7Search in Google Scholar
Crutzen, P. J. (2002). Geology of mankind. Nature, 415(6867), 23–23. doi:10.1038/415023aSearch in Google Scholar
D’Alisa, G., Demaria, F., & Kallis, G. (2014). Degrowth: A vocabulary for a new era. New York: Taylor & Francis.10.4324/9780203796146Search in Google Scholar
Daly, H. E. (2014). From uneconomic growth to a steady-state economy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.10.4337/9781783479979Search in Google Scholar
De Wispelaere, J. (2015). An income of one’s own? The political analysis of universal basic income. (PhD). Tampere: Tampere University.Search in Google Scholar
De Wispelaere, J., & Haagh, L. (2019). Introduction: Basic income in European welfare states: Opportunities and constraints. Social Policy and Society, 18(2), 237–242. doi:10.1017/S1474746418000489Search in Google Scholar
Dobson, A. (2007). Green political thought. London and New York: Routledge.10.4324/9780203964620Search in Google Scholar
Fitzpatrick, T. (2007). Streams, grants and pools: Stakeholding, asset-based welfare and convertibility. Basic Income Studies, 2(1). doi:10.2202/1932-0183.1062Search in Google Scholar
Fitzpatrick, T. (2010). Basic income, post-productivism and liberalism. Basic Income Studies, 4(2). doi:10.2202/1932-0183.1177Search in Google Scholar
Friedman, T. L. (2008). Hot, flat, and crowded 2.0: Why we need a green revolution–and how it can renew America. New York: Farrar: Straus and Giroux.Search in Google Scholar
Goodin, R. E. (2001). Work and welfare: Towards a post-productivist welfare regime. British Journal of Political Science, 31(1), 13–39. doi:10.1017/S0007123401000023Search in Google Scholar
Goodin, R. E., Rice, J. M., Parpo, A., & Eriksson, L. (2008). Discretionary time: A new measure of freedom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511611452Search in Google Scholar
Gorz, A. (1975). Ecologie et Politique. Paris: Galilée.Search in Google Scholar
Gorz, A. (1985). Paths to paradise: On the liberation from work. London and Sidney: South End Press.Search in Google Scholar
Gorz, A. (1999). Reclaiming work: Beyond the wage-based society. Malden, MA: Polity Press.Search in Google Scholar
Gorz, A. (2002). Pour un revenu inconditionnel suffisant. Transversales/sciences-culture, 3.Search in Google Scholar
Gorz, A. (2013). Capitalism, socialism, ecology. London and New York: Verso.Search in Google Scholar
Hamminga, B. (1995). Demoralizing the labour market: Could jobs be like cars and concerts?*. Journal of Political Philosophy, 3(1), 23–35. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9760.1995.tb00027.xSearch in Google Scholar
Hickel, J., & Kallis, G. (2019). Is green growth possible? New Political Economy, 1–18. doi: 10.1080/13563467.2019.159896410.1080/13563467.2019.1598964Search in Google Scholar
Howard, M. (2017). A carbon dividend as a step toward a basic income in the United States: Prospects and problems. Retrieved from http://blogs.bath.ac.uk/iprblog/2017/07/05/a-carbon-dividend-as-a-step-toward-a-basic-income-in-the-united-states-prospects-and-problems/Search in Google Scholar
Howard, M., Pinto, J. & Schachtschneider, U. (2019). Ecological effects of basic income. Torry, M. (Ed.), Palgrave international handbook of basic income(pp.111–132). Cham: Palgrave MacMillan.10.1007/978-3-030-23614-4_7Search in Google Scholar
Illich, I. (2014). La convivialité. Paris: Seuil.Search in Google Scholar
Jackson, T. (2017). Prosperity without growth: Foundations for the economy of tomorrow. Oxon: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar
Johnson, W. A., & Arnsperger, C. (2011). The guaranteed income as an equal opportunity tool in the transition toward sustainability. In A. Gosseries & Y. Vanderborght (Eds.), Arguing about justice (pp. 61–69). Louvain: Presses Universitaires de Louvain.Search in Google Scholar
Kallis, G. (2018). Vansintjan, Aaron (Ed.), In defense of degrowth: Opinions and minifestos.Brussels:Uneven Earth Press.10.2307/j.ctv5cg82gSearch in Google Scholar
Latouche, S., & Macey, D. (2009). Farewell to growth. Cambridge: Polity Press.Search in Google Scholar
Liegey, V., Madelaine, S., Ondet, C., & Veillot, A.-I. (2013). Un Projet de Décroissance – Manifeste pour une Dotation Inconditionnelle d’Autonomie. Paris: Les Éditions Utopia.Search in Google Scholar
Lorek, S., & Vergragt, P. J. (2015). Sustainable consumption as a systemic challenge: inter- and transdisciplinary research and research questions. In L. A. Reisch & J. Thøgersen (Eds.), Handbook of research on sustainable consumption (pp. 19–32). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.Search in Google Scholar
Marston, G. (2016). Greening the Australian welfare state: Can basic income play a role? In J. Mays, G. Marston, & J. Tomlinson (Eds.), Basic income in Australia and New Zealand: Perspectives from the neoliberal frontier (pp. 157–177). New York: Palgrave Macmillan US.Search in Google Scholar
Merrill, R., Bizarro, S., Marcelo, G., & Pinto, J. (2019). Rendimento Básico Incondicional - Uma defesa da liberdade. Lisbon: Edições 70.Search in Google Scholar
Mylondo, B. (2010). Un revenu pour tous - Précis d’utopie Réaliste. Paris: Les Éditions Utopia.Search in Google Scholar
Mylondo, B. (2012). Pour un revenu sans condition - Garantir l’accès aux biens et services essentiels. Paris: Les Éditions Utopia.Search in Google Scholar
Neumayer, E. (2013). Weak versus strong sustainability: Exploring the limits of two opposing paradigms. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.10.4337/9781781007082Search in Google Scholar
Offe, C. (1992). A non-productivist design for social policies. In P. Van Parijs (Ed.), Arguing for basic income (pp. 61–80). London and New York: Verso Books.Search in Google Scholar
Parrique, T., Barth, J., Briens, F., Kerschner, C., Kraus-Polk, A., Kuokkanen, A., & Spangenberg, J. H. (2019). Decoupling debunked: Evidence and arguments against green growth as a sole strategy for sustainability. Brussels: European Environmental Bureau.Search in Google Scholar
Pateman, C. (2004). Democratizing citizenship: Some advantages of a basic income. Politics & Society, 32(1), 89–105. doi:10.1177/0032329203261100Search in Google Scholar
Pereira, R. (2014). Economic security in the twenty-first century: How Guaranteed Annual Income (GAI) confronts multiple imperatives. Homo Oeconomicus, 31(1/2), 20.Search in Google Scholar
Perkiö, J. (2015). Universal basic income - A cornerstone of the new economic order. In K. Borgnäs, T. Eskelinen, J. Perkiö, & R. Warlenius (Eds.), The politics of ecosocialism: Transforming welfare (pp. 137–147). New York: Routledge.10.4324/9781315749471-9Search in Google Scholar
Pinto, J. (2019a). Freedom and ecological limits. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 1–17. doi:10.1080/13698230.2019.1698147Search in Google Scholar
Pinto, J. (2019b). Green republicanism and the shift to post-productivism: A defence of an unconditional basic income. Res Publica (Liverpool, England). doi:10.1007/s11158-019-09444-1Search in Google Scholar
Pollin, R. (2015). Think we can’t stabilize the climate while fostering growth? Think again. Retrieved from https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/think-we-cant-stabilize-the-climate-while-fostering-growth-think-again/Search in Google Scholar
Rockström, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, Å., Chapin Iii, F. S., Lambin, E. F., … Foley, J. A. (2009). A safe operating space for humanity. Nature, 461, 472–475. doi:10.1038/461472aSearch in Google Scholar
Smith, S. (2011). Environmental economics: A very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/actrade/9780199583584.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
Standing, G. (2017). Basic income: And how we can make it happen. London: Penguin Books Limited.10.2307/j.ctv1bvnf53Search in Google Scholar
Steffen, W., Richardson, K., Rockström, J., Cornell, S. E., Fetzer, I., Bennett, E. M. & Sörlin, S. (2015). Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet. Science, 347(6223), 1259855.10.1126/science.1259855Search in Google Scholar
Van Parijs, P. (1992). Arguing for basic income: Ethical foundations for a radical reform. London and New York: Verso Books.Search in Google Scholar
Van Parijs, P. (1995). Real freedom for all: What (if anything) can justify capitalism? Oxford: Clarendon Press.Search in Google Scholar
Van Parijs, P. (2010). Political ecology: From autonomous sphere to basic income. Basic Income Studies, 4(2). doi:10.2202/1932-0183.1176Search in Google Scholar
Van Parijs, P. (2013). A green case for basic income? In K. Widerquist, J. A. Noguera, J. De Wispelaere, & Y. Vanderborght (Eds.), Basic income: An anthology of contemporary research (pp. 269–274). Chichester: Wiley.Search in Google Scholar
Van Parijs, P., & Vanderborght, Y. (2017). Basic income: A radical proposal for a free society and a sane economy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.10.4159/9780674978072Search in Google Scholar
Vanderborght, Y., & Van Parijs, P. (2005). L’allocation universelle. Paris: La Découverte.10.3917/dec.vande.2005.01Search in Google Scholar
Victor, P. A. (2019). Managing without growth, second edition: Slower by design, not disaster. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.10.4337/9781785367380Search in Google Scholar
Waters, C. N., Zalasiewicz, J., Summerhayes, C., Barnosky, A. D., Poirier, C., Gałuszka, A. & Wolfe, A. P. (2016). The anthropocene is functionally and stratigraphically distinct from the holocene. Science, 351(6269). DOI:10.1126/science.aad2622.Search in Google Scholar
Widerquist, K., & Howard, M. (2012). Introduction: Success in Alaska. In K. Widerquist & M. Howard (Eds.), Alaska’s permanent fund dividend: Examining its suitability as a model (pp. 3–11). New York: Palgrave Macmillan US.10.1057/9781137015020_1Search in Google Scholar
Wilkinson, R. G., & Pickett, K. (2011). The spirit level: Why equality is better for everyone. London: Penguin.Search in Google Scholar
Winter, S. (2012). Climate change, complicity, and compensation. In K. Widerquist & M. Howard (Eds.), Alaska’s permanent fund dividend (pp. 189–204). New York: Palgrave MacMillan.10.1057/9781137015020_13Search in Google Scholar
WWF. (2016). Living planet report 2016.Risk and resilience in a new era. Gland, Switzerland: Author.Search in Google Scholar
© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston