Abstract
This work was designed to analyze the current ecological niche of Peridinium quadridentatum var. quadridentatum and its harmful algal blooms (HABs) using species distribution models. A maximum entropy model was fitted to samples of occurrence records gathered from the scientific literature and using environmental data for the continental shelves of the world obtained from BIO-ORACLE. The geographic models plotted were sea surface temperature vs. salinity, nitrate vs. phosphate concentration, and radiation vs. chlorophyll-a concentration, to describe the environmental space occupied by P. quadridentatum. Our results show that P. quadridentatum is a dinoflagellate of wide thermohaline tolerance linked to sites near coastal areas, which might be related to some life-cycle stages. Both presence (pENM) and blooms (bENM) ecological niche models show that this species prospers near tropical and temperate latitudes. The pENM predicts a broader distribution range than the bENM, suggesting that some sites with favorable conditions for the occurrence of this species are not suitable for its proliferation and formation of HABs. The bENM predicts potential HABs limited in eutrophic areas, but not in hyper-eutrophic areas. As validation of the models, some occurrence records of this species (i.e., West Africa, Peru, and Fiji) were not included in the initial analyses. As a result, the pENM predicts its occurrence in those sites, so the models for current potential distribution and blooms incidences are credible.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
Abé TH (1927) Report of the biological survey of Mutsu Bay. 3. Notes on the protozoan fauna of Mutsu Bay. I. Peridiniales Sci Rep Tôhoku Imper Univ 2:382–438
Ajani P, McGinty N, Finkel ZV, Irwin AJ (2018) Phytoplankton realized niches track changing oceanic conditions at a long-term coastal station off Sydney Australia. Front Mar Sci 5:285. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00285
Aké-Castillo JA, Vázquez G (2011) Peridinium quinquecorne var. trispiniferum var. nov. (Dinophyceae) from a brackish environment. Acta Bot Mex 94:125–140
Aké-Castillo JA, Okolodkov Y, Rodríguez-Gómez CF, Campos-Bautista G (2014) Florecimientos algales nocivos en Veracruz: especies y posibles causas (2002–2012). In: Botello AV, Rendón-von Osten J, Benítez JA, Gold-Bouchot G (eds) Golfo de México. Contaminación e impacto ambiental: diagnóstico y tendencias. UAC, UNAM-ICMyL, CINVESTAV-Unidad Mérida, México, pp 133–146
Al-Hashmi K, Al-Azri A, Claereboudt MR, Piontkovski S, Amin SMN (2013) Phytoplankton community structure of a mangrove habitat in the arid environment of Oman: the dominance of Peridinium quinquecorne. J Fish Aquat Sci 8:595–606
Alonso-Rodríguez R (2004) Hidrología y condiciones ambientales que determinan la proliferación de dinoflagelados causantes de marea roja en la bahía de Mazatlán, Sin. México. Doctorate thesis, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz
Anderson RP (2016) When and how should biotic interactions be considered in models of species niches and distributions? J Biogeogr 44:8–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12825
Araújo H, Bastos-Santos J, Rodrigues PC, Ferreira M, Pereira A, Henriques AC, Monteiro SS, Eira C, Vingada J (2017) The importance of Portuguese continental shelf waters to balearic shearwaters revealed by aerial census. Mar Biol 164:55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-017-3089-x
Auby I, D’Amico F, Meteigner C, Ganthy F, Maurer D, Gouriou L, Rigouin L, Rumebe M, Tournaire MP, Trut G, Oger-Jeanneret H, Guesdon S, Derrien A, Chabirand JM, Charpentier G, Genauzeau S, Schmitt A, Geairon P, Grizon J, Seugnet JL, Thomas G, Bechemin C, Soudant D, Lamoureux A, Beaugrand P, Noureau B, Michel V, Dupin M, Bariou J, Landier P, Miguel V (2015) Suivi “hydrologie” et “phytoplankton” des masses d’eau du bassin hydrographique Adour-Garonne sur la période 2009–2014. IFREMER, France, p 190. http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00280/39141/
Azanza RV, David LT, Borja RT, Baula IU, Fukuyo Y (2008) An extensive Cochlodinium bloom along the western coast of Palawan, Philippines. Harmful Algae 7:324–330
Band-Schmidt CJ, Zumaya-Higuera MG, López-Cortés DJ, Leyva-Valencia I, Quijano-Scheggia SI, Hernández-Guerrero CJ (2020) Allelopathic effects of Margalefidinium polykrikoides and Gymnodinium impudicum in the growth of Gymnodinium catenatum. Harmful Algae 96:101846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2020.101846
Barón-Campis SA, Hernández-Becerril DU, Juárez-Ruíz NO, Ramírez-Camarena C (2005) Marea roja producida por el dinoflagelado Peridinium quinquecorne en Veracruz, México (oct-nov, 2002): morfología del agente causal. Hidrobiológica 15:73–78
Barve N, Barve V, Jiménez-Valverde A, Lira-Noriega A, Maher SP, Townsend Peterson A, Soberón J, Villalobos F (2011) The crucial role of the accessible area in ecological niche modeling and species distribution modeling. Ecol Model 222:1810–1819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.02.011
Brun P, Vogt M, Payne MR, Gruber N, O’Brien CJ, Buitenhuis ET, Le Quéré C, Leblanc K, Luo Y-W (2015) Ecological niches of open ocean phytoplankton taxa. Limnol Oceanogr 60:1020–1038
Busch M, Caron D, Moorthi S (2019) Growth and grazing control of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum in a natural plankton community. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 611:45–58. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12852
Caroppo C (2000) The contribution of picophytoplankton to community structure in a Mediterranean brackish environment. J Plankton Res 22:381–397
Cobos ME, Peterson AT, Osorio-Olvera L, Jiménez-García D (2019) An exhaustive analysis of heuristic methods for variable selection in ecological niche modeling and species distribution modeling. Ecol Inform 53:100983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2019.100983
Collos Y, Bec B, Abadie E (2012) Thau Lagoon. In: O’Brien TD, Li WKW, Morán XAG (eds) ICES phytoplankton and microbial plankton status report 2009/2010. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Copenhagen, pp 141–143
Colwell RK, Rangel TF (2009) Hutchinson’s duality: the once and future niche. PNAS 106:19651–19658. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0901650106
Cortés J, Vargas-Castillo R, Nivia-Ruiz J (2012) Marine biodiversity of Bahía Culebra, Guanacaste, Costa Rica: published records. Rev Biol Trop 60:39–71
Merino-Virgilio FC, Okolodkov Y, Aguilar-Trujillo AC, Osorio-Moreno I, Herrera-Silveira JA (2014) Florecimientos algales nocivos en las aguas costeras del norte de Yucatán (2001–2013). In: Botello AV, Rendón-von Osten J, Benítez JA, Gold-Bouchot G (eds) Golfo de México. Contaminación e impacto ambiental: diagnóstico y tendencias. UAC, UNAM-ICMyL, CINVESTAV-Unidad Mérida, México, pp 161–180
Demarcq H, Somoue L (2015) Phytoplankton and primary productivity off northwest Africa. In: Valdés L, Déniz-González I (eds) Oceanographic and biological features in the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem, IOC-UNESCO. IOC-UNESCO, París, pp 161–174
Diaz RJ, Rosenberg R (2008) Spreading dead zones and consequences for marine ecosystems. Science 321:926–929
Dormann CF, Elith J, Bacher S, Buchmann C, Carl G, Carré G, Marquéz JRG, Gruber B, Lafourcade B, Leitão PJ, Münkemüller T, McClean C, Osborne PE, Reineking B, Schröder B, Skidmore AK, Zurell D, Lautenbach S (2013) Collinearity: a review of methods to deal with it and a simulation study evaluating their performance. Ecography 36:27–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07348.x
ESRI (2014) ArcGIS Desktop. Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands
Faust MA, Litaker RW, Vandersea MW, Kibler SR, Tester PA (2005) Dinoflagellate diversity and abundance in two belizean coral-reef mangrove lagoons: a test of Margalef´s Mandala. Atoll Res Bull 534:103–132
Flynn KJ, Mitra A, Glibert PM, Burkholder JM (2018) Mixotrophy in harmful algal blooms: by whom, on whom, when, why, and what next. In: Glibert PM, Berdalet E, Burford MA, Pitcher GC, Zhou M (eds) Global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 113–132
Frings PJ, Clymans W, Fontorbe G, De la Rocha CL, Conley DJ (2016) The continental Si cycle and its impact on the ocean Si isotope budget. Chem Geol 425:12–36
Gadea I, Rodilla M, Sospedra J, Falco S, Morata T (2013) Seasonal dynamics of the phytoplankton community in the Gandia coastal area, southern gulf of Valencia. Thalassas 29:35–58
Gárate-Lizárraga I, Muñetón-Gómez MS, Maldonado-López V (2006) Florecimiento del dinoflagelado Gonyaulax polygramma frente a la Isla Espíritu Santo, Golfo de California (Octubre 2004). Rev Invest Mar 27:31–39
Gárate-Lizárraga I, Muñetón-Gómez MS (2008) Bloom of Peridinium quinquecorne Abé in la Ensenada de La Paz, Gulf of California (July 2003). Acta Bot Mex 83:33–47
Gardiner WE, Dawes CJ (1987) Seasonal variation of nannoplankton flagellate densities in Tampa Bay, Florida. Bull Mar Sci 40:231–239
Glibert PM (2017) Eutrophication, harmful algae and biodiversity—challenging paradigms in a world of complex nutrient changes. Mar Pollut Bull 124:591–606
Glibert PM, Berdalet E, Burford MA, Pitcher GC, Zhou M (2018) Global ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, New York
Gomez JJ, Cassini MH (2014) Analysis of environmental correlates of sexual segregation in northern elephant seals using species distribution models. Mar Biol 161:481–487. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2337-y
Gregg WW, Rousseaux CS (2019) Global ocean primary production trends in the modern ocean color satellite record (1998–2015). Environ Res Lett 14:124011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab4667
Hao Y, Tang D, Boicenco L, Wang S (2016) Environmental ecological response to increasing water temperature in the Daya Bay, southern China in 1982–2012. Nat Resour 7:184–192
Heil CA, Glibert PM, Fan C (2005) Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) Schiller a review of a harmful algal bloom species of growing worldwide importance. Harmful Algae 4:449–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2004.08.003
Heisler J, Glibert PM, Burkholder JM, Anderson DM, Cochlan WP, Dennison WC, Dortch Q, Gobler CJ, Heil CA, Humphries E, Lewitus A, Magnien R, Marshall HG, Sellner K, Stockwell DA, Stoecker DK, Suddleson M (2008) Eutrophication and harmful algal blooms: A scientific consensus. Harmful Algae 8:3–13
Horiguchi T, Pienaar RN (1991) Ultrastructure of a marine dinoflagellate, Peridinium quinquecorne Abé (Peridiniales) from South Africa with particular reference to its chrysophyte endosymbiont. Bot Mar 34:123–131
Horstmann U (1980) Observations on the peculiar diurnal migration of a red tide Dinophyceae in tropical shallow waters. J Phycol 16:481–485
Hutchinson GE (1957) Concluding remarks. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Bio 22:415–427
Irwin AJ, Nelles AM, Finkel ZV (2012) Phytoplankton niches estimated from field data. Limnol Oceanogr 57:787–797
Ismael AA (2014) Coastal engineering and harmful algal blooms along Alexandria coast. Egypt Egypt J Aqu Res 40:125–131
Karlson B (2008) Peridinium quinquecorne. Report of the ICES-IOC working group on harmful algal bloom dynamics (WGHABD). ICES, Galway, p 64
Kegel JU, Del Amo Y, Costes L, Medlin LK (2013) Testing a microarray to detect and monitor toxic microalgae in Arcachon Bay in France. Microarrays 2:1–23
Kim HS, Kim SH, Jung MM, Lee JB (2013) New record of dinoflagellates around Jeju Island. J Ecol Environ 36:273–291
Li Y, Meseck SL, Dixon MS, Rivara K, Wikfors GH (2012) Temporal variability in phytoplankton removal by a commercial, suspended eastern oyster nursery and effects on local plankton dynamics. J Shellfish Res 31:1077–1089
Li Y, Meseck SL, Dixon MS, Rose JM, Smith BC, Wikfors GH (2015) Short term effects of a commercial eastern oyster nursery upon nutrient and plankton dynamics of a coastal embayment: observations from mesocosm experiments. Aquacult Res 46:2049–2064
Liu C, Newell G, White M (2015) On the selection of thresholds for predicting species occurrence with presence-only data. Ecol Evol 6:337–348
Lobo JM, Jiménez-Valverde A, Real R (2008) AUC: a misleading measure of the performance of predictive distribution models. Global Ecol Biogeogr 17:145–151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00358.x
Loza Álvarez S, Lugioyo Gallardo GM (2009) Diversidad del microfitoplancton en las aguas océanicas alrededor de Cuba. Rev Mar y Cost 1:29–47
Madariaga I, Orive E, Boalch GT (1989) Primary production in the Gernika Estuary during a summer bloom of the dinoflagellate Peridinium quinquecorne Abé. Bot Mar 32:159–165
Meichtry de Zaburlín N, Vogler RE, Molina MJ, Llano VM (2016) Potential distribution of the invasive freshwater dinoflagellate Ceratium furcoides (Levander) Langhans (Dinophyta) in South America. J Phycol 52:200–208
Melo-Merino SM, Reyes-Bonilla H, Lira-Noriega A (2020) Ecological niche models and species distribution models in marine environments: a literature review and spatial analysis of evidence. Ecol Model 415:108837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108837
Naik RK (2010) Studies on phytoplankton with reference to dinoflagellates. Doctorate thesis, Goa University- National Institute of Oceanography
Nikolaev S, Zaharia T (2013) Report of the state of the marine and coastal environment in 2012. Cercetări Marine, Rome, pp 5–138
NOAA (2010) Gulf of Mexico harmful algal bloom bulletin. Region Southwest Florida 36. p 3. https://cdn.tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/HAB_GOMX/bulletins/HAB20100513_2010036_SFL.pdf
Nuccio C, Melillo C, Massi L, Innamorati M (2003) Phytoplankton abundance, community structure and diversity in the eutrophicated Orbetello lagoon (Tuscany) from 1995 to 2001. Oceanol Acta 26:15–25
Okolodkov YB (2005) The global distributional patterns of toxic, bloom dinoflagellates recorded from the Eurasian Arctic. Harmful Algae 4:351–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2004.06.016
Okolodkov Y, Campos-Bautista G, Gárate-Lizárraga I, González-González JAG, Hoppenrath M, Arenas-Fuentes V (2007) Seasonal changes of benthic and epiphytic dinoflagellates in the Veracruz reef zone, Gulf of Mexico. Aquat Microb Ecol 47:223–237
Okolodkov Y, Gárate-Lizárraga I, Campos-Bautista G (2016) Circadian rhythm of a red-tide dinoflagellate Peridinium quadridentatum in the port of Veracruz, Gulf of Mexico, its thecal morphology, nomenclature and geographical distribution. Mar Pollut Bull 108:289–296
Osorio-Olvera L (2016) NicheToolbox: A web tool for exploratory data analysis and niche modeling. http://shiny.conabio.gob.mx:3838/nichetoolb2.
Paknia O, Schierwater B (2015) Global habitat suitability and ecological niche separation in the Phylum Placozoa. PLoS ONE 10:e0140162. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140162
Pauly K, Jupp BP, De Clerck O (2011) Modelling the distribution and ecology of Trichosolen blooms on coral reefs worldwide. Mar Biol 158:2239–2246
Penna A, Fraga S, Battocchi C, Casabianca S, Giacobbe MG, Riobó P, Vernesi C, Maggs C (2010) A phylogeographical study of the toxic benthic dinoflagellate genus Ostreopsis Schmidt. J Biogeogr 37:830–841
Pérez Olmedo L, Capistrán Barradas A, Orduña-Medrano RE (2015) Composición, abundancia y proliferación de especies tóxicas de dinoflagelados causantes de marea roja en la zona costera de Tuxpan, Veracruz. In: Libro de resúmenes del XIX Reunión Nacional de la Sociedad Mexicana de Planctología. p 190
Pertola S, Faust MA, Kuosa H (2006) Survey on germination and species composition of dinoflagellates from ballast tanks and recent sediments in ports on the South Coast of Finland, North-Eastern Baltic Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 52:900–911
Peterson AT, Papeş M, Soberón J (2008) Rethinking receiver operating characteristic analysis applications in ecological niche modeling. Ecol Model 213:63–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.11.008
Phillips SJ, Anderson RP, Schapire RE (2006) Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecol Model 190:231–259
Phlips EJ, Badylak S, Christman M, Wolny J, Brame J, Garland J, Hall L, Hart J, Landsberg J, Lasi M, Lockwood J, Paperno R, Scheidt D, Staples A, Steidinger K (2011) Scales of temporal and spatial variability in the distribution of harmful algae species in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA. Harmful Algae 10:277–290
Prabhudessai S, Vishal CR, Rivonker CU (2019) Biotic interaction as the triggering factor for blooms under favourable conditions in tropical estuarine systems. Environ Monit Assess 191:54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-7172-7
Proença LA, Odebrecht C, Mafra-Junior LL, Tamanaha MS (2006) Floração de Peridinium quinquecorne Abé na Ensenada de Balneario Camburiú, S. C. In: Book of abstracts del Simposio Latino-americano sobre Algas Nocivas, North Pacific Marine Science Organization. Itajai, Santa Catarina, Brasil.,
Robinson NM, Nelson WA, Costello MJ, Sutherland JE, Lundquist CJ (2017) A systematic review of marine-based species distribution models (SDMs) with recommendations for best practice. Front Mar Sci 4:421. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00421
Rodríguez-Gómez CF, Aké-Castillo JA, Vázquez G (2019b) Short-term responses of the bloom-forming dinoflagellate Peridinium quadridentatum in tropical coastal waters: environmental variables and phytoplankton community. J Coastal Res Special issue 92:22–32
Rodríguez-Gómez CF, Vázquez G, Aké-Castillo JA, Band-Schmidt CJ, Moreno-Casasola P (2019a) Physicochemical factors related to Peridinium quadridentatum (F. Stein) Hansen (Dinophyceae) blooms and their effect on phytoplankton in Veracruz Mexico. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 230:106412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2019.106412
Saburova M, Al-Yamani F, Polikarpov I (2009) Biodiversity of free-living flagellates in Kuwait’s intertidal sediments. BioRisk 3:97–110
Satta CT, Anglés S, Garcés E, Luglié A, Padedda BM, Sechi N (2010) Dinoflagellate cysts in recent sediments from two semi-enclosed areas of the Western Mediterranean Sea subject to high human impact. Deep-Sea Res PT II 57:256–267
Seixas CE (2010) A scientific note on the presence of dinoflagellate Peridinium quinquecorne Abé in the Gulf of Montijo, Panama. Tecnociencia 12:117–121
Shamsudin L, Awang A, Ambak A, Ibrahim S (1996) Dinoflagellate bloom in tropical fish ponds of coastal waters of the south China Sea. Environ Monit Assess 40:303–311
Shelford VE (1931) Some concepts of bioecology. Ecology 12:455–467
Shumway SE, Burkholder JM, Morton SL (2018) Harmful Algal Blooms: A compendium desk reference. John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey
Smayda TJ (1997) What is a bloom? a commentary. Limnol Oceanogr 42:1132–1136
Soberón J (2007) Grinnellian and Eltonian niches and geographic distributions of species. Ecol Lett 10:1115–1123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01107.x
Soberón J, Nakamura M (2009) Niches and distributional areas: concepts, methods, and assumptions. PNAS 106:19644–19650. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0901637106
Soberón J, Peterson AT (2005) Interpretation of models of fundamental ecological niches and species’ distributional areas. Biodiv Inform 2:1–10
Soberón J, Osorio-Olvera L, Peterson T (2017) Diferencias conceptuales entre modelación de nichos y modelación de áreas de distribución. Rev Mex Biodiv 88:437–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmb.2017.03.011
Spatharis S, Dolapsakis NP, Economou-Amilli A, Tsirtsis G, Danielidis DB (2009) Dynamics of potentially harmful microalgae in a confined Mediterranean Gulf—Assessing the risk of bloom formation. Harmful Algae 8:736–743
Su-Myat M-S-H-T, Matsuoka K, Khin-Ko-Lay KK (2012) Phytoplankton surveys off the southern Myanmar coast of the Andaman Sea: an emphasis on dinoflagellates including potentially harmful species. Fish Sci 78:1091–1106
Taylor FJR, Hoppenrath M, Saldarriaga JF (2008) Dinoflagellate diversity and distribution. Biodivers Conserv 17:407–418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-007-9258-3
Tolomio C, Moschin E (1995) Y a-t-il des microalgues nuisibles dans la lagune de Venise? (Période d’observation : 1988–1993). Mar Life 5:3–9
Tolomio C, Andreoli C, Moro I, Moschin E, Scarabel L, Masiero L (1996) Communautés phytoplanctoniques dans le bassin méridional de la lagune de Venise (février 1991 - janvier 1993). Mar Life 6:3–14
Townhill BL, Tinker J, Jones M, Pitois S, Creach V, Simpson SD, Dye S, Bear E, Pinnegar JK (2018) Harmful algal blooms and climate change: exploring future distribution changes. ICES J Mar Sci 75:1882–1893
Trigueros JM, Orive E (2000) Tidally driven distribution of phytoplankton blooms in a shallow, macrotidal estuary. J Plankton Res 22:969–986
Trigueros JM, Orive E (2001) Seasonal variations of diatoms and dinoflagellates in a shallow, temperate estuary, with emphasis on neritic assemblages. Hydrobiologia 444:119–133
Turki TS, El Abed A (2001) On the presence of potentially toxic algae in the lagoons of Tunisia. Harmful Algal News 22:10
Tyberghein L, Verbruggen H, Pauly K, Troupin C, Mineur F, De Clerck O (2012) Bio-ORACLE: a global environmental dataset for marine species distribution modelling. Global Ecol Biogeogr 21:272–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2011.00656.x
Uitz J, Claustre H, Gentili B, Stramski D (2010) Phytoplankton class-specific primary production in the world’s oceans: seasonal and interannual variability from satellite observations. Global Biogeochem Cycles 24:3016–3035
Stein F (1883) Der Organismus der Infusionsthiere. III. Abt Der Organismus der Arthodelen Flagellaten. II. Hälfte Die Naturgeschichte der Arthrodelen Flagellaten. Einleitung und Eklärung der Abbildungen. Wilheim Engelmann, Leipzig
Wang W-L, Moore JK, Martiny AC, Primeau FW (2019) Convergent estimates of marine nitrogen fixation. Nature 566:205–211
Yahia-Kéfi OD, Souissi S, Gómez F, Daly Yahia MN (2005) Spatio-temporal distribution of the dominant diatom and dinoflagellate species in the Bay of Tunis (SW Mediterranean Sea). Medit Mar Sci 6:17–34
Yan T, Ming Jiang Z, Jing Zhong Z (2002) A national report on harmful algal blooms in China. In: Taylor FJR, Trainer VL (eds) Harmful algal blooms in the PICES region of the North Pacific. Sidney, Canada, BC, pp 21–37
Yasakova ON (2013) The annual dynamics of the phytoplankton in the Novorossiysk bay in 2007. Mors’ kyi Ekolohichnyi Zhurnal 12:92–102
Yu J, Tang DL, Oh IS, Yao LJ (2007) Response of harmful algal blooms to environmental changes in Daya Bay, China. Terr Atmos Ocean Sci 18:1011–1027
Zhifang X, Ying C, Xi M, Fujiang W, Zhijian Z (2016) Phytoplankton community diversity is influenced by environmental factors in the coastal East China Sea. Eur J Phycol 51:107–118
Acknowledgments
The Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (project 902-11-280) and CEMIE-Océano provided financial support. Rosario Landgrave from Instituto de Ecología, A.C. advised on the use of the GIS. J. L. Flores and M. Martinez assisted in georeferencing presence records. Suggestions by J. L. Parra and M. Favila are highly appreciated. CFRG and CAML received Ph.D. scholarships from the National Science and Technology Council. María Elena Sánchez-Salazar translated the manuscript into English.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: S. Shumway.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Reviewed by undisclosed experts.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rodríguez-Gómez, C.F., Vázquez, G., Maya-Lastra, C.A. et al. Potential distribution of the dinoflagellate Peridinium quadridentatum and its blooms in continental shelves globally: an environmental and geographic approach. Mar Biol 168, 29 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-021-03825-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-021-03825-y